国外语言能力量表述评

200611386()ForeignLanguageTeachingandResearch(bimonthly)Nov.2006Vol.38No.6:():ILR(FSI)ACTFLISLPRALTECEFCLB;,,:[]H310.41[]A[]100020429(2006)0620443281.(LanguageProficiencyScales),,,,,,,1955FSI,,(CouncilofEurope)CEF(CommonEuropeanFramework)1North(1998),,,(Brown&Hudson2002),,(2005)2.2.1ILR(FSI),,,,,(For2eignServiceInstitute)1955,,FSIFSI,056(Higgs1984),(pluslevel),00+11+22+33+44+511,NoProficiencyMemorizedProficiencyElementaryProficiencyElementaryProficiencyPlusLimit2edWorkingProficiencyLimitedWorkingProfi2ciencyPlusGeneralProfessionalProficiencyGeneralProfessionalProficiencyPlusAdvancedProfessionalProficiencyAdvancedProfessional344ProficiencyPlusFunctionallyNativeProficien2cyFSI,(CIA,FBI),(InteragencyLanguageRoundtableScale),ILRILR(FSI),,ILR,,,19831985,(OfficeofPersonnelManagement),ILR(FSI)ILR(FSI)(2005)(Herzog2006),(GeneralProfessionalProficiency),,,,,,,,,,,ILR(FSI)FSI:,(OralProficiencyInterview,OPI),,,,ILR(FSI),,,,ILR(FSI),,(Alderson1991;North1998)2.2ACTFLFSI,,,,FSIDLI(theDefenceLanguageInsti2tute),ETS(EducationalTestingService)ETSFSI,,(theCommonYardstickProject),ETS,ILR(FSI)ILR(FSI),,,(theAmericanCouncilontheTeachingofForeignLanguages,ACT2FL),ETS,,ACTFL/ETS,ACTFL(Amer2icanCouncilfortheTeachingofForeignLan2guages1983)ACTFLILR(FSI),,(1):ILR(FSI)00+ACTFL(Novice2Low)(Novice2Mid)(Novice2High)ILR(FSI)1ACTFL(Intermediate2Low)(Interme2diate2Mid)1+22+(Intermediate2High)(Advanced)(Advanced2Plus),ILR(FSI)444200663ACTFL(Superior)ACTFL,,,(Distinguished)1.ILR(FSI)ACTFLILR(FSI)ACTFL5Native4+Distinguished4Superior3+32+AdvancedPlus2Advanced1+Intermediate-High1Intermediate-MidIntermediate-Low0+Novice-High0Novice-MidNovice-LowACTFL,():;,;,;,;FSI,ACTFL,,19861999,ACTFLETS,ACTFL,ILR(FSI)(OPI),ACTFL,,ACTFLILR(FSI),ACTFL,,:,;,,ACTFL(OPISOPI),,Bachman(1982,1986,1987,1988),ACTFL2.3ISLPRFSI,DavidIngramElaineWylie1979(AustralianSecondLanguageProficiencyRatings),(),1995(Interna2tionalSecondLanguageProficiencyRatings),ISLPR,,ILRACTLF,1999(Ingram&Wylie1989;Wylie2002)ISLPR0(ZeroProficiency)5(Native2likeProficiency)6,(intermediateplus)(interme2diateminus)(2)FSIACTFL,ISLPR,ISLPR,,(544)()2.ISLPR0zeroproficiency0+formulaicproficiency1-minimumcreativeproficiency1basictransactionalproficiency1+transactionalproficiency2basicsocialproficiency2+socialproficiency3basicvocationalproficiency3+basicvocationalproficiencyplus4vocationalproficiency4+advancedvocationalproficiency5native2likeproficiencyISLPR,(thespecifiedpurposemodel),,(thegeneralproficiencymodel),,ISLPR,ISLPR:();;,,,,,,,,,,,,2.4CLB,1992,,,1993,,(theCanadianLanguageBench2marks,CLB)1995CLB,1996,,,,,,,CLB,,1999,2000200,CLB(),12(3),(Giti2zenshipandImnigrationCanada2000)CLB(globalperformancedescriptors),(perfor2manceconditions),(competencyoutcomesandstandards)5,7:,;,;,;;;and,but,first,next,then,64420066because,,;,(visualsupport):;;,,;35,;;,(socialinteraction)(instructions)(suasion)(information)CLB,,,CLB,theCanadianLanguageBench2marksAssessment,CLBACLBA3:,3.CLB7442.5ALTE90,,,8(AssociationofLanguageTestersinEu2rope),,,28,24(ALTE1994),ALTECANDOSTATEMENTS,ALTEALTE,WaystageUserThresholdUserIn2dependentUserCompetentUserGoodUserCEF,ALTE,2ALTE:,,()(),,,;,;,;,ALTE,,,2.6CEFCEF,,()()()CEFCEF(action2orientedapproach),,(sociala2gents),,,,CEF()(A1A2B1B2C1C2)(1)A1,C2,,A2A2.1A2.2,B1B1.1,B1.2,CEF,,,,,CEF,,,,84420066CEF1.CEFCEFACTFL,,,,,,;,;,,3.,,,(FSI),,,,,Lambert(1993),,ACTFLCEF,,,,1.CEFCommonEuropeanFrameworkofReferenceforLan2guages:Learning,teaching,assessment,,,CEF2.ALTECEF,,ALTEAlderson,J.1991.Brandsandscores[A].InJ.Alder2son&B.North(eds.).LanguageTestinginthe1990s[C].London:ModernEnglishPublicationandtheBritishCouncil.AmeriacnCouncilfortheTeachingofForeignLanguages.1983.ACTFLProficiencyGuidelinesRevised1985[M].Hastings2on2Hudsonm,NY:ACTFLMaterialCenter.AssociationofLanguageTestersinEurope(ALTE).1994.AdescriptionoftheframeworkoftheAssoci2ationofLanguageTestersinEurope[Z].Cam2bridge,ALTEDocument4.Bachman,L.F.1988.ProblemsinexaminingthevalidityoftheACTFLoralproficiencyinterview[J].StudiesinSecondLanguageAcquisition10:1492164.Bachman,L.F.&J.L.D.Clark.1987.Themea2944surementofforeign/secondlanguageproficiency[J].AnnalsoftheAmericanAssociationofPoliticalandSocialScience490:20233.Bachman,L.F.&A.S.Palmer.1982.Theconstructvalidationofsomecomponentsofcommunicativepro2ficiency[J].TESOLQuarterly16:4492465.Bachman,L.F.&S.J.Savignon.1986.Theevalua2tionofcommunicativelanguageproficiency:AcritiqueoftheACTFLoralinterview[J].TheModernLanguageJournal70:3802390.Brindley,G.1986.TheAssessmentofSecondLanguageProficiency:IssuesandApproaches[M].Adelaide:NationalCurriculumResourceCenter.Brindley,G.1991.Defininglanguageability:Thecrite2riaforcriteria[A].InS.Anivan(ed.).CurrentDevelopmentsinLanguageTesting[C].Singapore:SEAMEORegionalLanguageCenter.Brown,J.D.&T.Hudson.2002.Criterion2refer2encedLanguageTesting[M].Cambridge:CUP.Caroll,B.J.&R.Wear.1989.ESUFramework.PerformanceScalesforEnglishLanguageExami2nations[M].Harlow:Longman.CitizenshipandImmigrationCanada.2000.CanadianLanguageBenchmarks2000:EnglishasaSecondLanguageforAdults[Z].He