综合实践报告2

齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告题目基于MATLAB的系统的时域响应分析学院通信与电子工程学院专业班级电子信息工程074班学生姓名张亦驰指导教师李会成绩2009年11月10日齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告I摘要系统的时域响应分析是衡量控制系统的重要指标。所谓控制系统的时域响应分析就是在时间域内求解系统的微分方程，然后根据绘制出来的曲线分析系统的性能和各主要参数对系统性能的影响。不过这里的响应曲线一般是指典型的响应曲线，即所谓的阶跃响应和脉冲响应。求解系统典型响应的思路是首先列出微分方程组，对方程两边同时取拉普拉斯变换得到系统传递函数，然后根据绘制出来的图形进行系统分析。利用MATLAB提供的系统时域响应分析函数可以方便、快捷地观察到系统的输出是否满足要求。经过系统仿真后得出诸如系统传递函数等的上升时间、调节时间、超调量和稳态误差等参数。此次综合实践所选的系统经过MATLAB软件进行系统仿真后，得到系统的输出函数，可以直观的看到系统个状态量变化情况。关键词：MATLAB软件；系统时域响应分析；系统的响应曲线齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告IIAbstractThesystemtimedomainresponseanalysisisanimportantindicatortomeasurecontrolsystem.Theso-calledcontrolsystemisthetime-domainresponseofthesystemintimedomainforsolvingdifferentialequations,andthendrawouttheperformancecurveanalysissystemandthemainparametersonsystemperformance.Buthere,generallyreferstoatypicalresponsecurveoftheresponsecurve,theso-calledstepresponseandpulseresponse.Atypicalresponsetotheideaofsolvingthesystemislistedfirstdifferentialequations,bothsidesoftheequationatthesametimetakingtheLaplacetransformofthesystemtransferfunction,andthendrawoutasystematicanalysisofthegraphic.MATLABprovidesasystemusingtimedomainresponseanalysisfunctioncanbequicklyandeasilyobservewhethertheoutputofthesystemtomeettherequirements.Afterthesystemobtainedaftersimulationofthesystemtransferfunction,etc.,suchasrisetime,adjustingtime,overshootandsteady-stateerrorandotherparameters.ThepracticeoftheselectedsystemisanintegratedMATLABsystemsimulationsoftware,gotthesystemoutputfunction,youcanseevisualchangesintheamountofsystem-state.Keywords:MATLABsoftware;thesystemtimedomainresponseanalysis;systemresponsecurves齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告III目录摘要·······································································································IAbstract·····································································································II第1章绪论·····························································································11.1概述······························································································11.2时域响应分析··················································································11.2.1系统响应的输入信号··································································11.2.2根据模型获得响应曲线·······························································11.3本次综合实践2的意义······································································2第2章MATLAB软件简介··········································································32.1MATLAB························································································32.2MATLAB概述·················································································32.2.1MATLAB软件··········································································32.2.2Matlab的优势和特点··································································3第3章系统的软件设计思路········································································63.1典型信号的生成···············································································63.2系统直流增益··················································································73.3系统的固有频率和阻尼系数································································73.4系统零输入响应···············································································73.5典型系统传递函数分析······································································83.6任意给定输入的系统时域响应·····························································93.7典型系统传递函数分析应用举例··························································9第4章系统函数的仿真及分析···································································114.1系统传递函数的模型建立及仿真·························································114.2系统传递函数的仿真结果分析····························································13结论········································································································14参考文献··································································································15致谢········································································································16齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告1第1章绪论1.1概述在控制系统分析和设计中，常采用典型响应特性来描述系统的动态性能。响应是指在系统输人信号作用下，系统输出量的变化特性。典型响应是指采用零初值条件时典型信号作用下，系统输出量的变化特性。常用的典型响应有阶跃响应、脉冲响应和频率响应等。1.2时域响应分析系统的时域响应分析是衡量控制系统的重要指标，也是系统分析不可缺少的组成部分。1.2.1系统响应的输入信号1.用于系统响应的输入信号应具有下列特性：能使系统的输出有足够显著的变化；在存在其他外扰作用下，能从系统的输出中分离出高的输入信号影响；易于实现；能激发系统特性的所有模态，包括低频和高频特性；对生产过程的影响要小。2.常用的输入信号常用的输入信号有非周期函数、周期函数、非周期随机函数、周期随机函数等。非周期函数包含所有频带，因此能激发系统的所有模态，但对生产过程影响较大，常用的非周期函数是阶跃函数和脉冲函数。周期函数要在不同频率下检测系统的输入和输出，费时且数据后处理工作量大，但能直接得到系统的频率特性曲线，常用的周期函数有正弦函数、方波函数。非周期随机函数采用生产过程的数据，对生产过程影响最小，但数据处理较复杂。周期随机函数是人为的随机函数，它以一定的周期重复，但又有随机函数的统计特性，函数的发生较方便，常用的周期随机函数有伪随机双位函数。本节讨论非周期函数信号作为输入信号时系统的输出响应分析。1.2.2根据模型获得响应曲线根据系统的模型和输入信号，可以获得系统的输出响应，常用的方法有拉氏反变换法、部分分式展开法和直接计算法等。分别介绍如下。系统输入信号是阶跃信号时，系统的输出特性是阶跃响应。齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告21.3本次综合实践2的意义目前，系统的时域响应分析是衡量控制系统的重要指标，与人工手动计算相比，大大提高了运行效率。本实验正是利用MATLAB自带的系统仿真软件进行系统仿真设计的。齐齐哈尔大学综合实践2报告3第2章MATLAB软件简介2.1MATLAB利用MATLAB软件自带的模块集和工具箱经行控制系统的设计，经系统仿真后得出控制系统传函的个项指标。2.2MATLAB概述MATLAB是矩阵实验室（MatrixLaboratory）之意。除具备卓越的数值计算能力外，它还提供了专业水平的符号计算，