您好,欢迎访问三七文档
考研英语词汇基础第一节名词的理解与运用二.常用的后缀①.表示“人”意义的名词后缀-Ant----immigrant(移民)applicant(申请人)assistant(助手)descendant(后代)pollutant(污染物)inhabitant(居民)-An–ian----人Arabian(阿拉伯人)Asian(亚洲人)Australian(澳大利亚人)Italian(意大利人)musician(音乐家)librarian(图书管理员)physician(内科医生)politician(政治家)technician(技术工)historian(历史学家)magician(魔术师)comedian(喜剧家)-Ee----人(被动)employee(雇员)refugee(难民)payee(收款人)absentee(缺席者)examinee(考生)trainee(受训者)-Er/-eer/-or人Daughter/owner,lawyer,trainer(教练)barber(理发师)butcher(屠户)carrier(运输者)/ancestor(祖先)bachelor(单身汉)conductor(指挥者)director(主任)senator(议员)operator(操作者)sponsor(赞助者)worshipper(崇拜者)mountaineer(登山人)profiteer(投机倒把者)sightseers(观光者)volunteer(志愿者)pioneer(先驱)-Ent人correspondent(记者)client(客户)parent,resident(居民)patient(病人)agent(代理人,中介)patent(专利)-ist人,主义者Scientistlinguist(语言学家)therapist(治疗家)controversialist(好争论者)activist(活动家)novelist(小说家)nationalist(民族主义者)physicist(物理学家)psychologist(心理学家)tourist(游客)geneticist(基因学家)motorist(汽车司机)②.表示“关系、特征”等意义的名词后缀-ship状态,性质friendship(友谊)hardship(困境)leadership(领导身份)membership(会员资格)ownership(所有关系)relationship(关系)scholarship(学者身份)comradeship(同志身份)professorship(教授身份)-hood身份,性质,时代childhood(儿童时代)neighborhood(邻里)likelihood(可能性)livelihood(生计)boyhood(男孩时代)-ance/-ence性质,状态acceptanceacquaintance(熟识)advance(进步)allowance(补贴)appearance(出现,外表)appliance(器具)conscience(良知)resistance(阻挡)insurance(保险)nuisance(讨厌)performance(表现)resemblance(相似性)-cion-sion–tion动作,状态consumption(消费)assimilation(吸收、同化)comprehension(理解)depression(沮丧,萧条)desperation(绝望)invention(发明)invasion(侵略)modernization(现代化)permission(容许)possession(拥有)suspicion(怀疑)tension(紧张)transmission(输送,传递)industrialization(工业化)notification(通知)-ism----主义Americanism(美国主义)heroism(英雄主义)consumerism-mania----反常行为或狂热soccermania=soccer-mad-holic----痴迷者,疯狂者workaholic(工作狂)-ment运动agreement(协议)appointment(约定,任命)argument(观点)arrangement(安排)monument(纪念碑)movement(运动)parliament(议会)payment(支付)replacement(替换)requirement(要求)settlement(解决)treatment(治疗,待遇)-ness性质,状态casualness(随意)illness(疾病)carelessness(粗心)sleeplessness(失眠)awareness(意识)richness(富裕)friendliness(友好)greatness(伟大)happiness-cide—suicide(自杀)insecticide(杀虫剂)pesticide(杀虫剂)-cy----literacy(识字)accuracy(准确性)tendency(倾向)policy(政策)emergency(紧急情况)intimacy(亲密)efficiency(效率)sufficiency(足够)dependency(依赖)-Ery----fishery(渔业)machinery(机械)misery(痛苦)mystery(神秘性)discovery(发现)delivery(送,发表演说)。--ry----poetry(诗歌)citizenry(公民)entry(加入,进入)-age状态,集合表示行为、状态voyage(航海)advantage(好处)baggage(行李)courage(勇气)garbage(垃圾)storage(储存)luggage(行李)beverage(饮料)damage(破坏,损害)-al-----approval(赞成、批准)arrival(到达)interval(间隔)removal(搬,移走)-ing----行动,行业,的being(生命体)beginning(开始)ending(结束)。-ity-----uniformity(统一,一致)curiosity(好奇性)personality(个性)reality(现实)publicity(宣传)similarity(个性)-ics/-ology学科psychology(心理学)technology(技术)ideology(思想体系)anthropology(人类学)geology(地质学)physics(物理学)-th----结果,过程warmth(温暖)truth(真理,真实性)width(宽度)-ty----liberty(自由)specialty(专长,特长)anxiety(焦虑)advisability(可行性)unpredictability(不可预测性)-phobia-----对…过度恐惧claustrophobia(幽闭恐怖症)英语中有少数名词的单、复数形式在词义方面相当不同或绝对不同。例如:Lastnight,IhadwordswithMr.Bob,thegroupleader,foralongtime.Wehadverygoodwords.Inshorts,IwastouchedbyhisconfidencesandIwasverysatisfiedwiththelastwordssaidbyMr.Bobaboutthepossibilityofourproject.类似的词还有:affairs(事物,事情),airs(气氛),arms(武器),ages(很长一段时间),authorities(当局,政府),brains(智力),clothes,celebrities(名人),customs(海关),drinks(饮料),experiences(经历),goods,greens(绿叶,植物),grounds(理由),lessons(教训),manners(礼貌,规矩,风格),means(方法,手段),minutes(会议记录),news,pains(努力,辛苦),peoples(种族,民族),papers(报纸、考卷、论文、文件),quarters(住所,住处),sands(沙滩),spirits(情绪),sights(景观),times,terms(条件、术语),works(作品)。名词中还有些仅以复数形式出现,如:spectacles(眼镜),trousers(裤子),findings(调查结果),savings(储金),belongings(所有物,财产),surroundings(环境),teachings(教导),earnings(薪水),remains(遗物),thanks(感谢),regards(问候)。三.主题名词的重复、指代和替换Doweneedlawsthatpreventusfromrunningriskswithourlives?Ifso,thenperhapslawsareneededprohibiting(禁止)thesaleofcigarettesandalcoholic(烈性)drinks.Bothproductshavebeenknowntokillpeople.Thehazards(危险)ofdrinkingtoomuchalcoholareasbadasorworsethanthehazardsofsmokingtoomanycigarettes.Allrightthen,let’spassalawclosingtheliquorstoresandbarsinthiscountry.Let’sputanendforevertothedangerousdiseasefromwhichasmanyas10millionAmericansnowsuffer----alcoholism(酗酒).五.名词中同义词和近形词1.表示“能力”意思的词语:Ability,capability,competency,faculty,capacity,gift,talent2.表示“目的、目标”意思的词语:Aim,purpose,aim,intent,intention,goal,objective,end.3.表示“关系、联系”意思的词语:Ties,bonds,connection,association,relations,combination,relationship,interrelations,relevance,interrelations.4.表示“差别”意思的词语:Difference,distinction,differentiation5.表示“资本、资金”意思的词语:Capital,fund,money,6.表示“个人”意思的词语:Person,people,folks,individuals7.表示“意义、含义”意思的词语:Meaning,significance,implication,connotation,8.表示“部分、成分”意思的词语:Part,element,ingredient,component,factor,section,fragment9.表示“不平等、歧视”意思的词语:Inequality,bias,prejudice,discrimination10.表示“对手、支持者”意思的词语:Opponent,rivals,enemy,proponent,advocates11.表示“商品”意思的词语:Commodity,goods,12.表示“将来”意思的词语:Future,prospect,13.表示“理由”意思的词语:Reason,ground,cause.14.表示“后代、子孙”意思的词语:Offspring,descendant,posterity,children15.表示“错误”意思的词语:Blunder,error,mistak
本文标题:考研英语词汇基础
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2146496 .html