英国文学选读重点

英国文学选读名词解释：epic史诗；叙事诗alongnarrativepoeminthegrandstyletheHeroicCouplet(英雄双韵体)Therhymedcoupletofiambicpentameter(抑扬格五音步).iambic/iamboneunstressedsyllabus/onestressedsyllabuspentameteralinewithfivemainbeatsacommonpatternofbeatsinpoetry,inwhicheachlinehasfiveiambs.RenaissanceMeansrebirthorrevival.It’samovementinEuropewherehumanistthinkersandscholarsmadeattemptstogetridofthoseoldfeudalistideasinmedievalEurope,tointroducenewideasthatexpressedtheinterestsoftherisingbourgeoisie,andtorecoverthepurityoftheearlychurchfromthecorruptionoftheRoman,CatholicChurch.HumanismHumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.Manisthemeasureofallthings.Humanbeingswereglorious.sonnetAsonnetisalyricpoemconsistingofasinglestanzaoffourteeniambicpentameterlines.metreformalrhythminlinesofverserhymetwoormorewordswiththesamesoundblankverseanyverses,especiallyiambicpentametersthatdonotrhymeballad(民歌)originallyasongfordancers,theninmediaevaltimesasimplepoemwithshortstanzaatellingastory.Criticalrealism批判现实主义Isoneoftheliterarytrendsthatflourishedmainlyinthe19thcentury.Thegreatcriticalrealistsdescribedthechieftraitsofthesocietyandcriticizedthecapitalistsystemfromademocraticviewpoint.Streamofconsciousness意识流Isoneofthemodernliterarytechniques.Itisthestyleofwritingthatattemptstoimitatethenaturalflowofacharacter’sthoughts,feelings,reflections,memories,andmentalimagesasthecharacterexperiencesthem.［标黄的地方考出处，其余考问答］1.GeoffreyChaucer杰弗里乔叟TheCanterburyTalesQ:Howisthesettingofthetalesdescribed?Withsuchasetting,couldyoupredictthegeneraltoneofthetalesthataretofollow?A:Earlyspring;happy,easy,lively,humorous2.WilliamShakespeare威廉莎士比亚HamletQ:Whysleepissofrightening,accordingtoHamlet,sinceitcan“end”“theheartacheandthethousandnaturalshocks”?A:Perhapsthereissufferingsinthedream.RomeoandJulietQ1:WhatdoesRomeocompareJuliettointhebeginningpassageoftheselection?A:Sun.Q2:WhatisRomeoandJuliet’sattitudetowardbeingaMontagueoraCapulet?A:Hate.Q3:WhatdoesRomeomeanwhenhesays“Lookthoubutsweet,/AndIamproofagainsttheirenmity”?A:Theycannothurtme.Onlybecauseyouloveme.Sonnet18押韵方式：ababcdcdefefggSometimetoohottheeyeofheavenshines,Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimed,Andeveryfairfromsometimedeclines,Bychance,ornature’schangingcourseuntrimmed:Q:Howdoesthepoetanswerthequestionheputsforthinthefirstline?A:Youaremorelovelyandmoretemperatethansummer’sday.3.FrancisBacon弗兰西斯培根OfMarriageandSingleLifeWivesareyoungmen’smistresses,companionsformiddleage,andoldmen’snurses,soasamanmayhaveaquarreltomarrywhenhewill.OfStudiesStudiesservefordelight,forornament,andforability.Historiesmakemenwise,poets,witty;themathematics,subtle;naturalphilosophy,deep;moral,grave;logicandrhetoric,abletocontend.Abeuntstudiainmores.4.JonathanSwift乔纳森斯威夫特Gulliver’sTravelsYahoos野胡5.WilliamBlake威廉布莱克TheLamb组成方式：2quatrains+couplet押韵方式：aabbccQ1:Doesthispoemdescribealamborthemindofthechildwhoisspeakingtothelamb?WhatistherelationoftheLambandthechildtoGod?A:Theycombinetogether.It’strinity.Q2:WhatdoestheLambstandfor?A:SymbolofJesus,andsymbolofinnocence.TheTyger押韵方式：aabbQ:WhydoesthepoetmentiontheLamb?DoyouthinkboththeLambandtheTigercanilluminateeachother?A:TheLambiscorrespondingtheTiger.Sure.6.JaneAusten简奥斯丁JaneAusten对婚姻的看法：1.Thosewhowouldmarryformaterialwealthandsocialposition.2.Thosewhowouldmarryjustforbeautyandpassion.3.Thosewhowouldmarryfortruelovebasedonconsiderationoftheperson’spersonalmeritaswellashiseconomicalandsocialstatus.7.GeorgeGordonByron乔治戈登拜伦SheWalksinBeautyQ1:Whatisthecolorofthelady’sdress?Howdoyouknow?A:Black.Ofcloudlessclimesandstarryskies.Q2:Whatdoes“theirdwellingplace”refertointhelastlineofthesecondstanza?A:Heartandmind.Q3:Wherearethelady’swinningsmiles?Howdotheyappeartothepoet?A:Onthecheekandbrow.8.PercyByssheShelley波西比希雪莱OdetotheWestWind押韵方式：ababcbcdcdedeeQ1.InwhatwayistheWestWindbothadestroyerandapreserver?A:Destroyedtheoldworldandpreserveanewlife.Q2.WhatistherelationshipbetweentheWestWindandthepoet?A:ThepoetisadmirestheWestWind.Q3:As“thetrumpetofprophecy,”whatdoestheWestWindpredictinphysicalreality?Howdoyouunderstanditsymbolically?A:Sincetherevolutionisgoingon,awonderfulfineworldwillemerge.9.JohnKeats约翰济慈OdeonaGrecianUrn‘Beautyistruth,truthbeauty,－thatisall10.CharlesDickens查尔斯狄更斯ThemesinDickens’Writing:1.Thepowerlessnessofchildren.2.Man’shumanitytoman.3.Good’sabilitytotriumphoverevil.4.Man’sinhumanitytoman.5.Theoutcast’ssearchforstatusandidentity.6.Theheinousnatureofcrimeandcriminals.11.AlfredTennyson阿尔弗雷德丁尼生Break,Break,BreakQ1.Whydoesthepoetdescribethestonesas“cold”and“gray”?A:Unfeeling.Q2.Whateffectdothejoyfulscenesinthesecondstanzabringtothewholepoem?A:Sharpcontrast.Q3.Whoseisthe“voicethatisstill”?A:Bestfriend.Hallam.12.OscarWilde奥斯卡王尔德著名观点：ArtforArt’ssake为艺术而艺术