英语语言学试卷精粹及答案(10套题)

有答案的第一部分选择题I.Directions:Readeachofthefollowingstatementscarefully.DecidewhichoneofthefourchoicesbestcompletesthestatementandputtheletterA,B,CorDinthebrackets.(2%×10=20%)1、Asmodernlinguisticsaimstodescribeandanalyzethelanguagepeopleactuallyuse,andnottolaydownrulesforcorrectlinguisticbehavior,itissaidtobe___.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptiveD、psycholinguistic2、Ofallthespeechorgans,the___is/arethemostflexible.A、mouthB、lipsC、tongueD、vocalcords3、Themorphemevisioninthecommonwordtelevisionisa(n)___.A、boundmorphemeB、boundformC、inflectionalmorphemeD、freemorpheme4、A___intheembeddedclausereferstotheintroductorywordthatintroducestheembeddedclause.A、coordinatorB、particleC、prepositionD、subordinator主从连词5、CanIborrowyourbike?___Youhaveabike.A、issynonymouswithB、isinconsistentwithC、entailsD、presupposes6、Thebranchoflinguisticsthatstudieshowcontextinfluencesthewayspeakersinterpretsentencesiscalled___.A、semanticsB、pragmaticsC、sociolinguisticsD、psycholinguistics7、Grammaticalchangesmaybeexplained,inpart,asanalogicchanges,whichare___orgeneralization泛化.A、elaborationB、simplification精简C、externalborrowingD、internalborrowing8、___referstoamarginallanguageoffewlexicalitemsandstraightforwardgrammaticalrules,usedasamediumofcommunication.A、Linguafranca通用语B、CreoleC、PidginD、Standardlanguage标准语言9、Psychologists,neurologistsandlinguistshaveconcludedthat,inadditiontothemotorareawhichisresponsibleforphysicalarticulationofutterances,threeareasoftheleftbrainarevitaltolanguage,namely,___.A、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandtheangulargyrus角回B、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandcerebralcortexC、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandneuronsD、Broca'sarea,Wernicke'sareaandExner'sarea10、AccordingtoKrashen,___referstothegradualandsubconciousdevelopmentofabilityinthefirstlanguagebyusingitnaturallyindailycommunicativesituations.A、learningB、competenceC、performanceD、acquisition第二部分非选择题II.Directions:Fillintheblankineachofthefollowingstatementswithoneword,thefirstletterofwhichisalreadygivenasaclue.NotethatyouaretofillinOnewordonly,andyouarenotallowedtochangethelettergiven.(1%×10=10%)11、Chomskydefinescompetenceastheidealuser'skoftherulesofhislanguage.12、Thefoursounds/p/,/b/,/m/and/w/haveonefeatureincommon,i.e,theyareallb.13、Misabranchofgrammarwhichstudiestheinternalstructureofwordsandtherulesbywhichwordsareformed.14、Asisastructurallyindependentunitthatusuallycomprisesanumberofwordstoformacompletestatement,questionorcommand.15、Synonymsthataremutuallysubstitutableunderallcircumstancesarecalledcsynonyms.16、Theillocutionarypointofristocommitthespeakertosomething'sbeingthecase,tothetruthofwhathasbeensaid.17、Wordsarecreatedoutrighttofitsomepurpose.Suchamethodofenlargingthevocabularyisknownaswordc.18、Whereverthestandardlanguagecanuseacontraction(he+is→he's),BlackEnglishcandtheformofbe.19、Thebasicessentialsofthefirstlanguageareacquiredintheshortperiodfromaboutagetwotopuberty,whichiscalledthecperiodforfirstlanguageacquisition.20、Asatypeoflinguisticsystemin12learning,iisaproductofL2training,mothertongueintereference,overgeneralizationofthetargetlanguagerules,andlearningandcommunicativestrategiesofthelearner.III.Directions:Judgewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalse.PutaTfortrueorFforfalseinthebracketsinfrontofeachstatement.Ifyouthinkastatementisfalse,youmustexplainwhyyouthinksoandgivethecorrectversion.(2%×10=20%)()21、Inmodernlinguisticstudies,thewrittenformoflanguageisgivenmoreemphasisthanthespokenformforanumberofreasons.()22、VoicingisaphonologicalfeaturethatdistinguishesmeaninginbothChineseandEnglish.()23、Thecompoundwordbookstoreistheplacewherebooksaresold.Thisindicatesthatthemeaningofacompoundisthesumtotalofthemeaningsofitscomponents.()24、Syntacticcategoriesrefertosentences(S)andclauses(C)only.()25、DialectalsynonymscanoftenbefoundindifferentregionaldialectssuchasBritishEnglishandAmericanEnglishbutcannotbefoundwithinthevarietyitself,forexample,withinBritishEnglishorAmericanEnglish.()26、OnlywhenamaximunderCooperativePrincipleisblatantlyviolatedandthehearerknowsthatitisbeingviolateddoconversationalimplicaturesarise.()27、TheterritoryinwhichtheIndo-EuropeanlanguagesaremainlyspokentodayalsoincludeslanguagesthatarenotIndo-European.()28、Inmostbilingualcommunities,twolanguageshavethesameinspeechsituationsknownasdomains.()29、AccordingtothestrongversionoftheSapir-Whorfhypothesis,speakers'perceptionsdeterminelanguageandpatterntheirwayoflife.()30、Allnormalchildrenhaveequalabilitytoacquiretheirfirstlanguage.IV.Directions:Explainthefollowingterms,usingoneortwoexamplesforillustration.(3%×10=30%)31、duality32、diachroniclinguistics33、broadtranscription34、morphologicalrules35、phrasestructurerule36、relationalopposites37、componentialanalysis38、context39、euphemism40、brainlateralizationV.Answerthefollowingquestions.(10%×2=20%)41、Explainhowtheinventoryofsoundscanchange,givingsomeexamplesinEnglishforillustration.42、Brieflydiscusstheindividualfactorswhichaffecttheacquisitionofasecondlanguage.英语语言学试题（2）一、单项选择题(在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题2分，共20分)1.Thepairofwords“lend”and“borrow”are___.