电路专业术语

Glossaryof“PrinciplesofElectricCircuits”Chapter1ElementsandLawsofElectricalCircuits电路electricalcircuit电流current电荷electriccharge电压voltage电位potential电位差potentialdifference电动势electromotiveforce功率power能量energy电阻resistor/resistance电导conductor/conductance电感inductor/inductance电容capacitor/capacitance欧姆定律Ohm’sLaw广义欧姆定律generalizedOhm’sLaw参考方向referencedirection电压极性voltagepolarity正极positivepolarity负极negativepolarity理想独立电压源idealindependentvoltagesource理想独立电流源idealindependentcurrentsource理想受控源idealdependent/controlledsource压控电压源voltagecontrolledvoltagesource(VCVS)压控电流源voltagecontrolledcurrentsource(VCCS)流控电压源currentcontrolledvoltagesource(CCVS)流控电流源currentcontrolledcurrentsource(CCCS)节点node支路branch回路loop基尔霍夫电流定律Kirchhoff’sCurrentLaw(KCL)基尔霍夫电压定律Kirchhoff’sVoltageLaw(KVL)闭合面closedboundary集总参数lumpedparameter集总参数电路lumpedcircuit集总参数元件lumpedelement分布参数distributedparameter分布参数电路distributedcircuit直流directcurrent(DC)交流alternatingcurrent(AC)有源器件activeelement无源器件passiveelement无损电路losslesscircuitChapter2Analysismethodstosimpleresistorcircuits串联seriesconnection分压voltagedivision并联parallelconnection分流currentdivision等效电阻equivalentresistanceY-Δ变换Wye-Deltatransformation入端电阻inputresistanceChapter3MethodsofAnalysis支路电流法methodofbranchcurrent节点法NodalAnalysis回路电流法loopcurrentmethod网孔电流法meshcurrentmethod外网孔outermesh自导纳self-admittance互导纳mutual-admittance矩阵matrix行row列column参考节点referencenode平面电路planarcircuit方程equation消去法eliminationtechnique克莱姆法则Cramer’srule代入法substitutionmethod运算放大器operationalamplifier(opamp)同向输入端noninvertinginput反向输入端invertinginput输出端output等效电路模型equivalentcircuitmodel开环放大倍数open-loopgain闭环放大倍数closed-loopgain入端电阻inputresistance输出电阻outputresistance线性工作区linearregion正向饱和区positivesaturation反向饱和区negativesaturation同向放大noninvertingamplifier反向放大invertingamplifier加法器summingamplifier积分器integrator微分器differentiator自激振荡self-sustainedoscillationChapter4CircuitTheorems叠加原理superpositionprinciple输入/激励input/excitation输出/响应output/response线性电路linearcircuit代数和algebraicsum替代定理substitutionprinciple戴维南定理Thevenin’sTheorem诺顿定理Norton’sTheorem二端网络two-terminalcircuit开路电压open-circuitvoltage短路电流short-circuitcurrent特勒根定理TellegenTheorem功率平衡定理Power-balancingTheorem互易定理reciprocaltheorem对偶原理principleofduality对偶元件dualelement对偶图dualgraphChapter5NonlinearCircuit非线性电路nonlinearcircuit非线性元件nonlinearelement压控电阻voltage-controlledresistor流控电阻current-controlledresistor静态电阻staticresistance动态电阻dynamicresistance小信号分析small-signalanalysis小信号模型small-signalmodal分段线性化法piece-wiselinearmthod数值解法numericalanalysisChapter6First-orderCircuit一阶电路first-ordercircuit一阶微分方程first-orderdifferentialequation过渡过程transientprocess储能元件energystorageelement线性时不变电路lineartime-invariablecircuit单位阶跃函数unitstepfunction单位脉冲函数unitpulsefunction单位斜坡函数unitrampfunction起始条件initialcondition起始值initialvalue零输入响应zero-inputresponse零状态响应zero-stateresponse稳态响应steady-stateresponse暂态响应transientresponse时间常数timeconstant指数函数exponentialfunction阶跃响应stepresponse冲激响应impulseresponse自由响应naturalresponse强迫响应forcedresponse全响应completeresponse稳态值finalvalue卷积积分convolutionintegration时域延迟timedelay换路switching跳变现象jumpphenomenon脉冲持续时间pulseduration脉冲重复周期repeatingperiodofpulse时域timedomainChapter7Second-orderCircuit二阶电路second-ordercircuit齐次微分方程homogeneousdifferentialequation常系数微分方程constantcoefficientsequation特征方程characteristicequation特征根characteristicroot特征值eigenvalue特征向量eigenvector特解particularsolution通解generalsolution自然频率naturalfrequency衰减系数dampingfactor谐振角频率resonantfrequency/undampednaturalfrequency过阻尼情况overdampedcase欠阻尼情况underdampedcase临界情况criticallydampedcase固有振荡角频率dampingfrequency/dampednaturalfrequency衰减振荡dampedoscillation无损lossless正弦响应sinusoidalresponse波形waveform实数real复数complex衰减attenuationChapter8SinusoidalSteady-StateAnalysis幅值amplitude/magnitude相位phase相位差phasedifference角频率angularfrequency周期period频率cyclicfrequency正弦sinusoidal余弦cosine初相角initialphaseangle瞬时值instantaneousvalue最大值maximum有效值effectivevalueroot-mean-squarevalueu领先iφuleadsibyφu落后iφulagsibyφ同相inphase反相oppositeinphase实部realpart虚部imaginarypart直角坐标形式rectangularform极坐标形式polarform指数形式exponentialform相量phasor参考相量referencephasor电压三角形voltagetriangle瞬时功率instantaneouspower平均功率averagepower阻抗impedance导纳admittance电抗reactance电纳susceptance感性inductive容性capacitive正弦稳态响应sinusoidalsteady-stateresponse时域time-domain相量域phasor-domain视在功率apparentpower功率因数powerfactor(pf)复功率complexpower功率三角形powertriangle复共轭complexconjugate有功功率activepower无功功率reactivepower最大功率传输定理MaximumPowerTransferTheorem功率守恒定理Theoremofconservationofpower阻抗匹配impedancematching共轭匹配conjugatematchingChapter9MagneticallyCoupledCircuits耦合couple互感mutualinductance自感self-inductance磁通magneticflux互感电压mutual/inducedvoltage线圈coil铁心线圈coilwithironcore匝数turn耦合系数couplingcoefficient变压器transformer空心变压器air-coretransformer原边primarycoils/windings副边secondarycoils/windings引入阻抗reflectedimpendence理想变压器idealtransformer全耦合变压器unity-coupledtransformer变比turnsratio/transformationratio自耦合变压器auto-transformer多绕组变压器multiple-windingtransformer右螺旋定则right-handedscrewrule同名端dottedterminalterminalsofsamemagneticpolarity漏感leakageinductanceChapter10Resonance串联谐振seriesresonance并联谐振para