研究生科技英语课件翻译(交大考试重点)

1词类转译I.Nounconvertingtoverbs:1.Theshadowcastbyanobjectislongorshortaccordingasthesunishighupintheheavenornearthehorizon.2.物体投影的长短取决于太阳是高挂天空还是靠近地平线。3.Highprecisionimpliesahighdegreeofexactnessbutwithnoimplicationastoaccuracy.4.高精度意味着高度的精确度，但并不表明具有准确性。5.Theywentonstrikeindemandofa40percentwageincrease.6.他们举行罢工，要求工资增加40%。7.Heisanenemytoreform.8.他反对改革。9.Differencebetweenthesocialsystemofstatesshallnotbeanobstacletotheirapproachandcooperation.10.国与国社会制度的不同不应妨碍彼此的接近与合作。11..IamafraidIcan’tteachyouEnglish.IthinkmydaughterisabetterteacherthanI.12.恐怕我教不了你英语，我想我女儿比我教得好。13.TheoperationofacomputerneedssomeknowledgeofEnglish.14.操作电脑需要一些英语知识。A.具有动态意义的名词（1）“…of…”结构（2）短语结构翻译顺序：顺译与逆译1.Thesedepressingpumpsensurecontamination-freetransferofabrasivefluidssuchasacids,dyesandalcohol.在输送酸、染料、醇等腐蚀性强的流体时，这类压缩泵能保证输送无污染2.Ithasalsoprovidedthebasesforthetraditionalmethodologyofscience:objectiveobservationanddescriptionofsomephenomena,theformulationofahypothesisorhypothesesabouttheeventsobservedandpossiblerelationshipsamongthem,theuseofthesetopredictfutureevents,theverificationofthehypothesesand,onthisbasis,theconstructionofatheoryofsomeareaofnaturalactivity.3.Whatisneededinthecaseofnoiseisastudyoflargenumbersofpeoplelivingundernoisyconditions.就噪音而论，所需要的是研究大批生活在噪音条件下的人数。Manypeopleinindustryandtheservice,whohavepracticalexperienceofnoise,regardanyinvestigationofthisquestionasawasteoftime.工业部门和军队中的许多人对噪音有切身体会，他们认为对这个问题进行任何调查都是浪费时间。6.Anacquaintanceofworldhistoryishelpfultothestudyofcurrentaffairs.练习：1.The1967UNdocumentcallsforthesettlementoftheMiddleEastconflictonthebasisofIsraelwithdrawalfromoccupiedterritoriesandArabacknowledgementofIsrael’srighttoexist.2.Oneafteranother,speakerscalledforthedownfallofimperialism,abolitionofexploitationofmanbyman,liberationoftheoppressedoftheworld.3.Until1972,alleffortsbythetwonationstocurbthenucleararmsracehadfounderedononepoint:U.S.insistenceontherighttomakeone-siteinspectionoftheSovietStrategic-arsenaland2Russia’srefusal.B.英语中含有动态意义的名词通常翻译为动词，并根据需要增添逻辑宾语。1.Thesightandsoundofourjetplanesfilledmewithspeciallonging.看到我们的喷气式飞机，听见隆隆的（机声），令我们特别神往。2.Astheweekdrawtoaclose,theenemyroutwascomplete.一周快结束时，敌人彻底溃退了。C.英语中有些以后缀–er,-or结尾的名词，在句中并指其身份和职业，而是含有较强的动作意味，需要翻译为动词。1.IamafraidIcan’tteachyouswimming.IthinkmylittlebrotherisabetterteacherthanI.我恐怕教不了你游泳，我想我的小弟弟比我教得好。2.Talkingwithhisson,theoldmanwastheforgiveroftheyoungman’spastwrongdoings.在和儿子谈话时，老人宽恕了年轻人过去所干的坏事。3.Heisnosmoker,buthisfatherisachain-smoker.D.短语中的主体名词通常翻译为动词1.Thenextnewsbulletin（新闻节目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.2.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.3.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health4.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.5.Thenextnewsbulletin（新闻节目）,shorterthanusual,madenomentionofthedemonstration.6.ShehadhighpraiseforDr.Smith,althoughshecomplainedabouthisstrictness.7.Thepartybranchsecretaryshowedgreatconcernforthestudents’health8.Hehasalreadymadementionofthematterinhisspeech.练习（一）1.TheCensusBureau,thedataagencychargedwithcreatingstatisticsonhouseholdincomesandtheirdistribution,doesnotmaintainanofficialdefinitionofmiddleclassstatus.2.Duringthehalf-hourtalk,thetwosidesexchangedviewsonthechoiceoftermsofpayment,buttheymadenomentionofthemodeoftransportation.在半小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没有提到运输方式。练习（二）1.Notonlydoesdarkenergyappeartomakeupthebulkoftheuniverse,butitsexistence,ifitstandsthetestoftime,willprobablyrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoriesofphysics.2.Thesameistrueofgalaxyclusters,thelargestcoherentbodiesintheuniverse---assemblagesofthousandsofgalaxiesembeddedinavastcloudofhotgasandboundtogetherbygravity.3.Scientistssaythatgovernmentconstructionofamulti-billion-dollar,permanentspacestationcouldaidindetectingnaturaldisastersonearthinadvance,conductingmedicalresearchandcollectingsolarenergytotransmitback.4.Theanalysiswillrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoreticaltoolsbutshouldbewithin3ourgraspinthenextfewyears.II.PrepositionsconvertingtoverbsA.介词转译成动词。（prep.---v.）1.Theroadtodevelopmentislongbutwearefirmlyonit.发展的道路虽然漫长，可我们已坚定地走了上这条路。2.Heiswalkingintheparkwithanumbrellainhishand.他在公园散步，手里拿着一把伞。3.Itisourgoalthatthepeopleintheundevelopedareaswillbefinallyoffpoverty.我们的目标是使不发达地区的人民最终摆脱贫困。4.Thecompanyhasadvertisedinthenewspaperforelectronicexperts.公司在报上登广告招聘电子方面的专家。被动句的翻译1.译成汉语的“被”字结构或相似结构2.译成汉语主动句3.保留原主语,被动改主动4.把原文中的主语译为宾语5.译成无主句译成汉语的“被”字结构或相似结构2.译成汉语主动句3.保留原主语,被动改主动4.把原文中的主语译为宾语5.译成无主句A.译成汉语的“被”字结构或相似结构,如“叫,让,给,受到,遭到,为…所…,是…的,加以…等。1.ThoughHamlethasbeendisappointedofthethrone,everyonerespectshim.虽然哈姆雷特被剥夺了王位，大家照样尊敬他。2.Theywerecaughtintherainyesterday.他们昨天叫雨淋了。3.Ourforeignpolicyissupportedbythepeopleallovertheworld.我们的对外政策受到全世界人民的支持。4.Theyweregivenaheartywelcome.他们受到热烈欢迎。5.Hewaspolicedbythebosses’cops.他受到老板雇佣的警察的监督。6.IwassoimpressedbythesewordsthatIusedthemlaterforaChristmascard.4我为这些话所深深感动，后来我就把它们写在圣诞贺片上。7.Byeveningtheoccupationwascomplete,andthepeoplewerechasedoffthestreetsbyaneighto’clockcurfew.至傍晚，占领已告完成。八点钟开始的宵禁把人们从街道赶走。8.Thefamoushotelhadbeenpracticallydestroyedbythebigfir