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第八章一、思考题1、反应级数是宏观性质与微观粒子无关。不是。不是。2、错基元反应对错错n=1/2+3/2n=1+1对3、不适用只适用于基元反应4、若一级t21=㏑2/kt43=K1㏑x11=2㏑2/k若二级t21=OAkc.1t43=OAkc.1xx1=3/kCOA.6、基元反应分子数等于总级数,只能是1,2,37、t½=㏑2/k=8htx=k1㏑x11=24h㏑x11=3㏑2x=7/88、不对有时候扩散决定反应速率,不是反应步骤固体催化剂催化液体9、不对V正=V反K1CA=K1CY10、不对11、改变反应历程,改变活化能值,改变反应速率12、不能。催化剂不能改变始末状态,不能改变△G不能改变标准平衡常数13、①、外扩散②、内扩散③、吸附④、反应⑤、解吸⑥、内扩散⑦、外扩散14、不对Ea,Ea15、不能,能,能16、不对△U0△U=︱Ea-Ea︱17、不对能量降低混乱程度增加18、搅拌19、①、条件温和常温常压②、高催化活性③、高度专一性20、先速率随温度升高而变大,后速率随温度升高而降低二、选择题1、Ka/1=Kb/2Kb=2Ka③2、t21=㏑2/k=㏑2/6.93=0.1min②3、零级t21=COA./2k①若一级t=K1﹒㏑x11t87=3㏑2t43=2㏑2t87=1.5t435、②6、②7、④8、③9、①1011、④12、②三、计算题1、kt=㏑x11k=1/t㏑x11=60501㏑1/(1﹣0.4)=1.7×104s1t8.0=K1㏑x11=4107.11㏑8.011=9.47×103s2、证:t21=㏑K2t999.0=K1㏑999.011=㏑K1000100t21=t999.0t21=K1COA.t999.0=OAkc.1xx1=OAkc.999t999.0=999t213.(1)㏑12kk=﹣REa(1121TT)k1=t212ln=3702ln=0.00187min1T1=600KT2=650KEa=2.77×105㏑12kk=﹣314.8×77.2105(650*60050)=4.2714k2=0.1339min1(2)t75.0=k1lnx11=k4ln=1339.04ln=10.35min4.(1)k单位S1所以n=1(2)㏑12kk=﹣REa(1121TT)T1=90+273.15K=363.15KT2=70+273.15K=343.15Kk1=3.11×104S1k2=1.71×105S1ln71.11.31=314.8Ea(15.343*15.36320)Ea=1.5026×105J/molT3=50+273.15=323.15Kln00001.0*71.13k=﹣REa(2131TT)ln00001.0*71.13k=﹣314.8100000*5026.1(15.343*15.32320)k3=6.57×107S15.VA=﹣dtdca=ckAA2'kA'=kB×2×21=kB=0.4dm3/smolt9.0=ckAA011(x11)=2.0*4.01×1.09.0=112.5s6.kt1=lnx111t1=35minx1=0.3K=351×ln3.011=1.02×102min1Kt2=lnx211t2=5×60=300min1-x2=0.0469x2=0.9531=95.31%7.Aa+bB→PcA0/cB0≠a/ba=b=1V=﹣dctAd=dtdx=kccBA=k(cA0-x)(cB0-x)x……反应掉浓度x=cA0—cA0xx)-x)(-(cc0B0Adx=0tkdt令x)-x)(-(1cc0B0A=x)-(c0AM—x)-(c0BNM(cB0-x)—N(cA0-x)(cA0-x)(cB0-x)=M(cB0-x)—N(cA0-x)=1(McB0-x)—(NcA0-x)+(M+N)X=1M=NM=N=ccAB0010XccAB001[xcA01—xcB01]dx=0tkdtkt=ccBA001[lnccAAx00—lnccBBx00]kt=ccBA001lnccccBABA00解:t21(A)时XA=0.5X0AXB=0.5X0AAt21=K1(6.04.01)ln4.0*2.06.06.0*2.04.0)()(At21=104*5.11(—2.01)×ln43=9589sAt21=159.82min8.1)(3)(2121tt=(ccAA30)1n03.3745.9=(2.005.0)1nn—1=4ln45.903.37ln=3863.136857.1=0.9852n=1.98529、解:v=-dtdcA=k2cAkt=0.1AC﹙xx1﹚t=10minx=0.25k=0.1AtC﹙xx1﹚=1101×75.025.0=0.033dm³/﹙mol·min﹚10、解:vA=-dtdcA=kA2cAvA0,=kA20,cA=50mol/(dm³·s)kA=50/4=12.5dm³/﹙mol·s﹚2yk=1Akky=2kA=25dm³/﹙mol·s﹚11、解:ln12RR=-REa(21T-11T)=-0.3030.29310314.88000012RR=2.95612、解:lnAACC0,=ktlnx11=ktAACC0,=ekt反应间隔t相同AACC0,有定值每单位时间内转化率为定值x=1-ekt13、解:⑴x=1-ekt一级反应lnk=44.2015.273308938k=1.181×1014hx=1.181×104⑵t=k1lnx11=3.011ln10811.114t=3020.11h⑶kt=lnx11x=0.3t≥2×365×24k≤3.011ln2436521=2.036×1015hlnk≤-10.80-80.1044.208938TT≤286.11K(12.96℃)14、解:(11kk)t=lncceAAeAACC,,0,11,,0,kkCCeAeAAccccAoAA,ccoAA,21ccceAeAoAkk,11,,ccoAeA,,41(11kk)t=lnccAAAACC0,0,0,0,412141t=113lnkk=137.33minln1'1kk=-REa(21T-11T)=-314.8101603(15.39315.37320)'1k=13.791kln2'2kk=-REa(21T-11T)=-314.8101003(15.39315.37320)'2k=5.152k'2'1kk=15.579.135115.579.1321kk=0.5355
本文标题:第八章练习题答案
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