班步进电机驱动器设计

学校代码10722学号1107044210分类号TM383密级公开本科毕业论文（设计）题目步进电机驱动器设计（中、英文)Designofasteppingmotordriver作者姓名专业名称电气工程及其自动化学科门类工科指导老师提交论文日期二〇一五年五月成绩等级评定I摘要步进电机是一种能进行精确步进运动的机电执行元件，是实现机电自动化的必备元件，因而被广泛应用于各种自动化控制系统中。步进电机有很高的反复定位精度，指令脉冲能较好的控制驱动速率，同时能实现正转反转以及平滑速率调理，它的运行速度和步距不受电源电压及负载波动的影响,控制简单方便且价格低廉，因而受到普遍用。随着单片机技术的不断发展，人们结合单片机控制步进电机，使得步进电机的性能大幅度提升。步进电机可以控制精度要求较高的仪器装置，如，打印机、绘图仪、磁盘光盘驱动器、自动控制阀、以及机器人等机械装置。可是步进电机不能直接接电源工作，需要配套的驱动器和控制器，而且驱动器的性能很大程度影响着步进电机的工作性能，因此使用良好的驱动器控制器有重要的意义。本次设计通过对步进电机的驱动特性的深入了解与学习，决定使用混合步进电机驱动芯片ULN2003A和单片机AT89C52设计混合式步进电机28BYJ-48的驱动器，并通过Lcd1602液晶显示器显示运行状态。关键词：步进电机；驱动器；单片机。IIAbstractSteppermotorisamechanicalandelectricalactuator,whichcancarryoutprecisesteppingmotion,itwaswidelyusedinvariousautomationcontrolsystemsbecauseitistheessentialcomponentoftherealizationoftheelectromechanicalautomation.Steppermotorhasahighrepeatedpositioningaccuracy,commandpulsecanbettercontrolthedrivespeed,whichalsocanrealizepositiverotationandthereverseratesmoothingconditioning,itsoperationspeedandstepdistanceisnotaffectedbythesupplyvoltageandtheloadfluctuation,themethodeofcontrolissimpleandconvenientandthepriceislow,ithasbeenwidelyused.WiththedevelopmentofSCMtechnology,peoplecombinedsingle-chipwithmicrocomputercontrolsteppermotor,sothattheperformanceofthesteppermotorgreatlyimproved.Steppermotorcancontrolprecisionhighequipmentrequirements,suchasprinters,plotters,CD-ROMdiskdrive,automaticcontrolvalve,andtherobotmechanicaldevice.Butsteppermotorcannotbedirectlyconnectedtothepowersupply,needsupportingdriverandcontrolleranddriverperformancegreatlyaffectssteppermotorperformance,sogooddrivecontrollerhasimportantsignificance.Thedesignbythesteppermotordrivingcharacteristicsofin-depthunderstandingandlearning,usingahybridsteppermotordrivingthechipuln2003aandAT89C52single-chipdesignofhybridstepmotor28byj-48drive,andthroughLCD1602LCDdisplayrunningstatus.Keywords:Steppermotor；Drive；SCM.III目录1.引言............................................................................................................................11.1步进电机及其驱动器的发展概述....................................................................11.2设计步进电机驱动器的意义............................................................................12.步进电机的原理介绍及其相关参数........................................................................22.1步进电机工作原理............................................................................................22.2步进电机的选取及相关参数............................................................................32.3步进电机静态指标............................................................................................32.4步进电机动态指标............................................................................................32.5步进电机特征及信号分布................................................................................43.步进电机驱动器硬件设计思路................................................................................53.1设计总结构框图................................................................................................53.2驱动电路............................................................................................................53.3时针信号电路....................................................................................................53.4按键电路的设计................................................................................................63.5单片机的选用....................................................................................................63.6液晶显示模块....................................................................................................74.简易程序设计............................................................................................................84.1启动停止简易流程图........................................................................................84.2正转反转简易流程图........................................................................................84.3液晶显示与档位显示........................................................................................94.4主程序设计简易程序图....................................................................................95.软件调试仿真..........................................................................................................105.1程序编写调试步骤..........................................................................................105.2调试过程及相关显示结果..............................................................................10结论..............................................................................................................................12参考文献......................................................................................................................13元件清单......................................................................................................................14附录Ⅰ..........................................................................................................................15附录Ⅱ..........................................................................................................................25谢辞..