电化学方法合成聚苯胺

1电化学方法合成聚苯胺的研究摘要膜科学技术自50年代以来发展迅速，现已在工业、农业、医学等领域获得广泛应用。就膜材料而言，有机膜发展最早，因其柔韧性好、成膜性能好、品种多等优点而获得大规模应用。聚苯胺电致变色膜作为一种导b电聚合物材料，具有易合成、均相、性质均一、能牢固附着在支持物上等优点具有广阔的市场应用前景。本文利用循环伏安法，采用三电极体系，研究在碳布电极表面合成聚苯胺膜。本实验考查了苯胺单体浓度、溶液酸度、质子酸类型、线性扫描速率、扫描圈数等对合成聚苯胺膜的影响规律。实验发现聚苯胺的电化学氧化过程是一个自催化过程。镀液中苯胺单体浓度越大对成膜越有利，但是受苯胺的溶解度影响，镀液中的硫酸与苯胺的浓度比应大于1:1。另外降低扫描速率，适当增加扫描圈数有利于聚苯胺膜的形成，最佳扫描速率为25mv/s。聚苯胺的电化学活性明显依赖于质子化的程度，在苯胺与硫酸组成的镀液中，H2SO4浓度越大，膜的氧化还原可逆性越大，聚苯胺的自催化效应越强，质子酸中硫酸对聚苯胺的电化学生成的促进作用最大。关键词：聚苯胺，循环伏安，影响规律2AbstractThetechnologyoffilmsciencehasdevelopedrapidlysincethe1950s.Itiswidelyusedinindustry,agriculture,medicineandotherfields.Theorganicfilmwasdevelopedfirst.Itiswellappliedinmanyfildsbecauseofitsflexibility,film-formingproperties,andhasmanykindsofproduct.Theelectrochromicdisplayfilmofpolyanilineisoneofelectronicallyconductingpolymers,ithasabroadmarketprospectbecauseitiseasilysynthesized,characteruniformandcanbefirmlyattachedtothesubstrates.Theworkstudiedsynthesisofpolyanilinefilmoncarbonclothwiththreeelctrodesbymeansofcyclicvoltammograms.Synthesisofpolyanilinefilmsoncarbonclotharerelatedtoanilineconcentration,solutionacidity,bronstedacidtype,linearscanrateandscanningnumbersetc.Itwasfoundthatthepolyanilineelectrochemicaloxidationprocessisaself-catalyticprocess.Itwasfoundthehighertheanilineconcentrationis,theesaierpolyanilinesynthesizeis,becauseofthesolubilityofanilineinthewater,sulfuricacidandanilineshouldbemorethan1:1inconcentration.Furthermoreitwasfavorabletosynthesizepolyanilinefilmswhenreducescanrateandincreasethenumbersofscanningappropriately,andthebestscanrateis25mv/s.Theactivityofpolyanilinefilmswassignificantlydependedontheextentoftheproton,inthesolutionofanilineandsulfuricacidbath,thegreatertheH2SO4concentrationis,thegreaterthefilm’sredoxreversibleis,thestrongertheself-catalyticeffectis,andsulfuricacidcanpromotethespeedofsynthesisof3polyanilineonthecarboncloth.Keywords:polyaniline，cyclicvoltammograms，effectrules4目录摘要.............................................................1Abstract...........................................................2第一章绪论.......................................................61.1引言...........................................................61.2聚苯胺的结构、颜色和导电性.....................................71.3聚苯胺的应用...................................................81.3.1在金属防腐上的应用........................................................................................................81.3.2在电池方面的应用............................................................................................................91.3.3在导电纤维上的应用........................................................................................................91.3.4在电磁屏蔽材料方面的应用........................................................................................101.3.5在抗静电方面的应用......................................................................................................101.3.6在其它方面的应用..........................................................................................................111.4聚苯胺的合成方法..............................................111.4.1化学方法.............................................................................................................................111.4.3微乳液聚合........................................................................................................................121.4.4电化学方法........................................................................................................................131.5循环伏安法....................................................161.6本论文的工作..................................................18第二章实验部分...................................................1852.1实验装置与仪器................................................182.2化学试剂......................................................192.3实验步骤......................................................192.3.1碳纤维电极预处理..........................................................................................................192.3.2溶液配制.............................................................................................................................202.3.3聚苯胺膜的电化学制备.................................................................................................20第三章结果与讨论.................................................213.1苯胺单体浓度对成膜的影响.........................................................................................213.2循环伏安扫描圈数对成膜的影响................................................................................233.3循环伏安扫描速率对成膜的影响................................................................................253.4酸度对聚苯胺在电极表面成膜的影响.......................................................................263.5质子酸类型对成膜的影响..............................................................................................283.6聚苯胺膜在碳布表面形貌观察.....................................................................................29第四章结论.......................................................31参考文献..........................................................32致谢...........