第三章不饱和脂肪烃(答案)

第三章不饱和脂肪烃3.1用系统命名法命名下列化合物a.b.c.(CH3CH2)2C=CH2CH3CH2CH2CCH2(CH2)2CH3CH2CH3C=CHCHCH2CH3C2H5CH3d.(CH3)2CHCH2CH=C(CH3)2答案：a.2－乙基－１－丁烯２－ethyl－1－buteneb.2－丙基－１－己烯２－propyl－1－hexenec.3,5－二甲基－３－庚烯3,5－dimethyl－3－heptened.2,5－二甲基－２－己烯2,5－dimethyl－2－hexene3.2写出下列化合物的结构式或构型式，如命名有误，予以更正。a.2,4－二甲基－2－戊烯b.3－丁烯c.3,3,5－三甲基－1－庚烯d.2－乙基－1－戊烯e.异丁烯f.3,4－二甲基－4－戊烯g.反－3,4－二甲基－3－己烯h.2－甲基－3－丙基－2－戊烯答案：a.b.错，应为1－丁烯c.d.e.f.错，应为2,3－二甲基－１－戊烯g.h.错，应为2－甲基－3－乙基－２－己烯3.8下列烯烃哪个有顺、反异构？写出顺、反异构体的构型，并命名。a.b.c.d.CH2=C(Cl)CH3C2H5CH=CHCH2ICH3CH=CHCH(CH3)2CH3CH=CHCH=CH2CH3CH=CHCH=CHC2H5CH3CH2C=CCH2CH3CH3C2H5e.f.答案：c,d,e,f有顺反异构c.C2H5CHCCH2IH(Z)－1－碘－2－戊烯(E)－1－碘－2－戊烯CC2H5CCH2IHHd.CHCCH(CH3)2H(Z)－4－甲基－2－戊烯H3CCHCHCH(CH3)2H3C(E)－4－甲基－2－戊烯e.CH3CCHCH(Z)－1,3－戊二烯HCH2CHCHCH(E)－1,3－戊二烯H3CCH2f.CH3CCHC(2Z,4Z)－2,4－庚二烯HCHHC2H5CH3CCHCHCHC2H5H(2Z,4E)－2,4－庚二烯CHCHCH3CCHC2H5H(2E,4E)－2,4－庚二烯CHCHC(2E,4Z)－2,4－庚二烯H3CCHHC2H53.11完成下列反应式，写出产物或所需试剂．a.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2SO4b.(CH3)2C=CHCH3HBrc.CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH2OHd.CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH-CH3OHe.(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3O3ZnH2O,f.CH2=CHCH2OHClCH2CH-CH2OHOH答案：a.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2SO4CH3CH2CHCH3OSO2OHb.(CH3)2C=CHCH3HBr(CH3)2C-CH2CH3Brc.CH3CH2CH=CH2BH3H2O2OH－CH3CH2CH2CH2OHd.CH3CH2CH=CH2H2O/H+CH3CH2CH-CH3OHe.(CH3)2C=CHCH2CH3O3ZnH2O,,CH3COCH3+CH3CH2CHOf.CH2=CHCH2OHCl2/H2OClCH2CH-CH2OHOH1).2).1).2).3.12两瓶没有标签的无色液体，一瓶是正己烷，另一瓶是1－己烯，用什么简单方法可以给它们贴上正确的标签？答案：1－己烯正己烷Br2/CCl4orKMnO4无反应褪色正己烷1－己烯3.13有两种互为同分异构体的丁烯，它们与溴化氢加成得到同一种溴代丁烷，写出这两个丁烯的结构式。答案：CH3CH=CHCH3CH2=CHCH2CH3或3.14下列碳正离子按稳定性由大至小排列：CCH3H3CCHCH3CH3++CCH3H3CCHCH3CH3CCH3H3CCH2CH2CH3+答案：稳定性：CCH3H3CCHCH3CH3++CCH3H3CCHCH3CH3CCH3H3CCH2CH2CH3+3.15写出下列反应的转化过程：C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3CCH3CH3H+C=CH3CH3CCCH2CH2H2CCH2H3CCH3答案：C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3CH+CH3CH3C-CH2CH2CH2CH2CH=CH3CH3CCH3CH3++H+H_3.16分子式为C5H10的化合物A，与1分子氢作用得到C5H12的化合物。A在酸性溶液中与高锰酸钾作用得到一个含有4个碳原子的羧酸。A经臭氧化并还原水解，得到两种不同的醛。推测A的可能结构，用反应式加简要说明表示推断过程。答案：or3.17命名下列化合物或写出它们的结构式：a.CH3CH(C2H5)CCCH3b.(CH3)3CCCC(CH3)3CCc.2－甲基－1,3,5－己三烯d.乙烯基乙炔答案：a.4－甲基－２－己炔４－methyl－2－hexyneb.2,2,7,7－四甲基－3,5－辛二炔2,2,7,7－tetramethyl－3,5－octadiyneCHCd.c.3.19以适当炔烃为原料合成下列化合物：a.CH2=CH2b.CH3CH3c.CH3CHOd.CH2=CHCle.CH3C(Br)2CH3f.CH3CBr=CHBrg.CH3COCH3h.CH3CBr=CH2i.(CH3)2CHBr答案：a.HCCHLindlarcatH2CCH2b.HCCHNi/H2CH3CH3c.HCCH+H2OHgSO4H2SO4CH3CHOd.HCCH+HClHgCl2CH2=CHCle.H3CCCHHgBr2HBrCH3C=CH2BrHBrCH3-CBrBrCH3f.H3CCCH+Br2CH3C=CHBrBrg.H3CCCH+H2OHgSO4H2SO4CH3COCH3+H2LindlarcatH3CCCH+H2h.H3CCCH+HBrHgBr2CH3C=CH2Bri.CH3CH=CH2HBr(CH3)2CHBr3.20用简单并有明显现象的化学方法鉴别下列各组化合物：a.正庚烷1,4－庚二烯1－庚炔b.1－己炔2－己炔2－甲基戊烷答案：正庚烷1,4－庚二烯1－庚炔Ag(NH3)2+灰白色无反应1－庚炔正庚烷1,4－庚二烯Br2/CCl4褪色无反应正庚烷1,4－庚二烯a.b.2－甲基戊烷2－己炔1－己炔Ag(NH3)2+灰白色无反应1－己炔2－己炔Br2/CCl4褪色无反应2－己炔2－甲基戊烷2－甲基戊烷3.21完成下列反应式：HgSO4H2SO4a.CH3CH2CH2CCHHCl(过量)b.CH3CH2CCCH3+KMnO4H+c.CH3CH2CCCH3+H2Od.CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCHOe.CH3CH2CCH+HCN答案：a.CH3CH2CH2CCHHCl(过量)CH3CH2CH2CClClCH3b.CH3CH2CCCH3+KMnO4H+CH3CH2COOH+CH3COOHHgSO4H2SO4c.CH3CH2CCCH3+H2OCH3CH2CH2COCH3+CH3CH2COCH2CH3d.CH2=CHCH=CH2+CH2=CHCHOCHOe.CH3CH2CCH+HCNCH3CH2C=CH2CN3.22分子式为C6H10的化合物A，经催化氢化得2－甲基戊烷。A与硝酸银的氨溶液作用能生成灰白色沉淀。A在汞盐催化下与水作用得到CH3CHCH2CCH3CH3O。推测A的结构式，并用反应式加简要说明表示推断过程。答案：CH3CHCH2CCHH3CCH3CHCH2CCHCH3=CH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3H2/NiCH3CHCH2CCHCH3=Ag(NH3)2+CH3CHCH2CCAgCH3=CH3CHCH2CCHCH3=+H2OH2SO4HgSO4CH3CHCH2CCH3OCH33.23分子式为C6H10的A及B，均能使溴的四氯化碳溶液褪色，并且经催化氢化得到相同的产物正己烷。A可与氯化亚铜的氨溶液作用产生红棕色沉淀，而B不发生这种反应。B经臭氧化后再还原水解，得到CH3CHO及HCOCOH（乙二醛）。推断A及B的结构，并用反应式加简要说明表示推断过程。答案：AH3CCH2CH2CH2CCHBCH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CCH=CH3CH2CH2CH2CHBr=CH2BrH2/NiCH3CH2CH2CH2CCH=Ag(NH3)2+CAgCH3CHO=+Br2/CCl4CH3CH2CH2CH2CCH=CH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2CH2CH2CCH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3Br2/CCl4CH3CHBrCHBrCHBrCHBrCH3CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH3H2/NiCH3CH2CH2CH2CH2CH3CH3CH=CHCH=CHCH31)O32)Zn,H2OHCCHOO3.24写出1,3－丁二烯及1,4－戊二烯分别与1molHBr或2molHBr的加成产物。答案：CH2=CHCH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH=CH2Br+CH3CH=CHCH2BrCH2=CHCH=CH22HBrCH3CHCHBrCH3Br+CH3CHCH2BrCH2BrCH2=CHCH2CH=CH2HBrCH3CHCH2CH=CH2BrCH2=CHCH2CH=CH22HBrCH3CHBrCH2CHBrCH3