火炮反后坐装置设计

1目录1.自由后坐诸元的计算1.1膛内时期自由后坐诸元计算1.2后效期自由后坐诸元计算1.2.1火药气体作用系数1.2.2后效期开始时炮膛合力1.2.3时间常数和后效期作用时间1.2.4炮口制退器冲量特征量1.2.5有炮口制退器自由后坐诸元计算2.后坐制动图和后坐制动诸元2.1制定后坐制动图2.2.求解制退后坐诸元3.复进机设计4.制退机设计4.1制退机的工作长度4.2活塞工作面积4.3制退杆外径及制退筒内径4.4制退杆内腔直径5.5节制环直径4.6制退筒外径4.7流液孔面积5.节制杆外形调整21.自由后坐诸元的计算1.1膛内时期自由后坐诸元计算0.5dhdmWvmmww+=++0.5dhdmLlmmww+=++膛内运动时期自由后坐诸元序号t/msv/(m/s)l/mW/(m/s)L/m10000.0000.00022.09177.10.0550.9480.00132.651125.840.1111.5480.00143.342204.080.2212.5100.00353.8265.590.3323.2670.00463.996291.770.3873.5890.00574.346337.850.4984.1560.00685.191442.090.8315.4380.01096.403463.370.9255.6990.011106.816575.751.6617.0820.020118.17641.412.4927.8890.031129.023670.743.0458.2500.037139.7126903.518.4870.0431.2后效期自由后坐诸元计算1.2.1火药气体作用系数弹丸脱离炮口瞬间，当tg=9.712ms，时由内弹道数据可知：pg=56Mpa，Wg=8.4512m/s,Lg=0.043m。根据火药气体作用系数经验公式：vB03榴弹炮对应B=1300；由于后效期对弹丸初速影响较小，认为v0=vg=690m/s；则：=1.8841.2.2后效期开始时炮膛合力Fg后效期开始时炮膛合力Fg采用近似公式计算：pFggA则：Fg=6.679×105N1.2.3参数b和时间常数b计算公式：Fvgb05.0后效期作用时间计算公式：1764.0lg303.2pgb则：b=5.24×10-3s；=0.03019s；41.2.4炮口制退器冲量特征量可根据下式计算冲量特征量5.05.01mmT则：=-0.0401.2.5有炮口制退器自由后坐诸元计算emFWbthggtbWg-1etmFtWLbtghggggtbtbtLg-1根据上面两式求解后效期自由后坐诸元，取时间步b/2，则每一个目标点对应时间和自由后坐速度有：5自由后坐运动诸元序号t/msW/(m/s)L/m序号t/msW/(m/s)L/m100.00000.00001412.3328.45790.065222.0910.94830.00071515.9528.44000.087332.6511.54780.00141617.5728.42950.109443.3422.51020.00271720.1928.42300.131553.83.26680.00411822.8128.41900.153663.9963.58880.00481925.4328.41670.175674.3464.15560.00612028.0528.41520.197785.1915.43770.01022130.6728.41440.219796.4035.69950.01142233.2928.41380.2418106.8167.08170.02042335.9128.41350.2638118.177.88930.03072438.5328.41330.2858129.0238.25010.03752539.8028.41320.2965139.7128.48700.0432自由后坐速度-位移曲线0.00002.00004.00006.00008.000010.000001020304050自由后坐时间自由后坐速度自由后坐位移-时间曲线0.00000.05000.10000.15000.20000.25000.30000.3500051015202530354045自由后坐时间自由后坐位移62.后坐制动图和后座坐制动诸元2.1制定后坐制动图后坐阻力变化规律按固定炮第二类后坐制动图制定。sin00gFmFFFhTfR密封装置摩擦力F和摇架导轨摩擦力TF在正面计算时作常量处理，有gguFgfmFmmFhfhjhT0cos式中，f是摇架导轨的摩擦系数，其取值为0.18，u是密封装置的等效摩擦系数，取值为0.4，对于固定炮=0，；由于6070maxoo，α=1.4.。FT=3352N,F=7448N,Ff0=26068N固定火炮第二类后坐制动图的后坐阻力变化规律为：)()0(00ttFFttFFFFtttgRgRggRRgRR200.50.5(0.5)hKTKTRgRgKTKTgmWWFtFlLWtlt-=-++其中：WkT=8.15m/s,tg=9.712ms,7lλ=900ms,LkT=0.344m,τ=30.09ms，FR0=36868N则，FRg=72964N后坐阻力变化规律为：FR=36868+3717t（0﹤t﹤tg）FR=72964（tg﹤t﹤tλ）FRtFR0FR=FRg0tgtλ固定炮第二类后坐制动图82.2.求解制退后坐诸元把按照后坐制动图确定的后坐阻力FR规律带入转化方程，解出后坐制动诸元：序号t/msv/(m/s)x/m序号t/msv/(m/s)x/m100.00000.00001617.5727.84690.104822.0910.90350.00061720.1927.73980.125232.6511.48950.00131822.8127.63520.145443.3422.43440.00261925.4327.53230.165253.83.17890.00392028.0527.43020.184963.9963.49560.00462130.6727.32880.204274.3464.05270.00592233.2927.22760.223385.1915.31060.00992335.9127.12660.242196.4035.53510.01092438.5327.02580.2605106.8166.90400.01992539.8026.97700.2695118.177.66550.029826805.43340.5156129.0237.99540.0364271203.89740.7023139.7128.20630.0420281602.36140.82741412.3328.07660.0631292000.82540.89121515.9527.91970.083630221.4960.00000.9000制退后坐运动速度-位移曲线-2.00000.00002.00004.00006.00008.000010.00000.00000.10000.20000.30000.40000.50000.60000.70000.80000.90001.0000制退后坐位移制退后坐速度9制退后坐运动速度平方-位移曲线0204060800.00000.10000.20000.30000.40000.50000.60000.70000.80000.90001.0000制退后坐运动位移制退后坐速度平方3.复进机设计复进机初力Ff0=26068N，由于是气瓶注气，取复进机初压Pf0=6Mpa，活塞工作面积：00fffFAP=0.004345m2取压缩比Cm=2.1，多变系数n=1.3，则气体初容积：101fnmlAVc=0.00692m3复进机初容积相当长度：0sfVLA=1.75复进机力：1.30260681.591.59nffssLFFxxL复进机末力：1.3026068666521.751.750.9nffsNsLFFxL10复进机力随行程变化规律0100002000030000400005000060000700008000000.10.20.30.40.50.60.70.80.91后坐行程X/m复进机力F/N4.制退机设计4.1制退机的工作长度eLllb2max取mml900max，mmlb73，mme502，则mmL1023。4.2活塞工作面积PFAhmax1max0其中：)sin(maxjhTfgRghgFmFFFF=72964-33139-7448-3352=29025N按自由后坐能量计算液量：wmghE221=62947J取估算系数=15000kJ/m311制退机中的液量Evy=0.0042m3由lAvymax01.1，得到A0=0.004239m2制退机工作腔最大压力：AFPh0maxmax1=6.85Mpa﹤35Mpa，能够满足密封要求。4.3制退杆外径及制退筒内径制退杆外径)1(220rAdT，取=2，有dT=43mm；制退筒内径)1(220ADT=86mm；4.4制退杆内腔直径制退机为筒后坐，制退杆内腔直径d1：FFFddzTIh)(max214Fptmax﹥Fhmax，)(maxFFIh出现在Fptmax最大处，此时tmax=3.8ms，制退机液压阻力singFmFFFFhTfRh=10423N；制退杆惯性力为0；12制退杆密封装置摩擦力gnmFhz=3724N；材料为40Cr，材料许用应力3s=200Mpa；制退杆内腔直径d1=41.35mm，取整后d1=42mm。4.5节制环直径dp=d1-5=37mm4.6制退筒外径ppDDTTmax1max1'3432材料是35Cr，材料许用应力3s=180Mpa；制退机工作腔最大压力：AFPh0maxmax1=6.85Mpa；DT'=89.7，取整后DT'=90mm，壁厚DDTT'=4mm，不满足要求，调整DT'=91mm4.7流液孔面积设支流最小截面面积1A出现的位置为节制杆最大截面处，其中41,max,ddx=38mm；13)(42,max,211ddAx=0.0002512m2流液孔尺寸()32032221112pxfjhAAaAFKKvKAfr-=-节制杆直径24xpxddap=-序号x/mmax/mm2dx/mm序号x/mmax/mm2dx/mm100.0037.00160.1048282.3933.8720.000667.9736.27170.1252280.4533.8930.001399.5835.93180.1454278.6333.9240.0026145.0635.43190.1652276.8733.9450.0039177.7635.06200.1849275.1933.9660.0046190.6834.92210.2042273.5333.9770.0059212.0934.68220.2233271.9233.9980.0099254.6734.19230.2421270.3334.0190.0109238.8734.37240.2605268.7534.03100.0199289.7333.79250.2695268.0334.04110.0298294.4233.73260.5156247.7334.27120.0364292.5433.75270.7023242.1634.3