您好,欢迎访问三七文档
AdvancewithEnglishModule10Student'sBook牛津高中英语模块十学生用书Unit1Buildingthefuture第一单元建设未来Pages2-3ReadingPartB第2到3页阅读B部分M10U1Reading:Teachamantofish授人以渔In1985,therewaslittlerainfallinEthiopia,whichledtopoorharvestsandthedeathofmanyofthecountry‘scattle.ThegravityofthesituationshockedBobGeldof,anIrishmusician,soheorganizedacharityconcertcalledLiveAidtoraisemoneyforthevictimsofhungerinEthiopia.Theconcerttookplaceon13July1985intwoplaces—LondonandPhiladelphia—andincludedthebiggeststarsofthetime.Geldofintendedtheconcerttoraisemoneyforhungerreliefandtomakethepublicmoreawareoftheproblem.Intheend,$100millionwasraised,whichwasusedtobuyfoodandtoprovidehelpwithdevelopmentprojectsinEthiopia.Theconcertalsomadetheheadlinesaroundtheworld,andputgreatpressureonpoliticiansandstatesmentodosomethingabouttheproblemofworldhunger.LiveAidwasin1985,butformanypeopleinthedevelopingworld,diseaseandpovertyarestillaseriousproblem.AccordingtotheUnitedNations,tenmillionpeopledieeveryyearofstarvationorproblemsrelatedtohavingapoordiet.Infact,hungeristheworld‘snumberonehealthrisk,killingmorepeoplethananydisease.Inwrestlingwiththedilemmaofworldwidehunger,theUnitedNationssetupanagencycalledtheWorldFoodProgramme(WFP)in1963.TheWFPhasorganizedanumberofprogrammes,includingtheFood-for-Lifeprogramme,whichsendsemergencyfoodaidtocountriesduringtimesoftrouble;theFood-for-Growthprogramme,whichtargetspeoplemostatrisk,suchasbabies,pregnantwomenandoldpeople;andtheFood-for-Workprogramme,whichhelpspeoplewithoutjobssupportthemselvesbygivingthemworkandpayingtheminfoodaid.Throughprogrammeslikethese,theWFPhashelpedmorethanonebillionpeoplesinceitwassetup.Thisisbeyonddoubtanamazingachievement,butisitenough?Today,somedevelopingcountriesinAfrica,AsiaandSouthAmericastandatacrossroads.Whiletheyareseeinggreatdevelopment,theyarestillpoorerthanmanycountriesinotherpartsoftheworld,andthereisadangerthattheycouldfallfurtherbehinddevelopedcountries.Theyneedhelp,butthesadtruthisthatmerelysendingloavesofbreadisnotenough.Itisonlyashort-termsolutiontoalong-termproblem.Thereisasayingthatgoes,‗Giveamanafish,andyoufeedhimforaday.Teachamantofish,andyoufeedhimfortherestofhislife.‘Inordertofindapermanentsolutiontothislong-termproblem,countriesneedtodevelopsothattheycaneithergrowthefoodtheyneed,orhaveenoughmoneytobuythisfoodontheworldmarket.Whatdevelopingcountriesreallyneedtodoistostoppovertybyfightingthecausesofit.Onewaytohelpacountrydevelopistoimproveitsinfrastructure.Theinfrastructureofacountryiswhatmakeseverythingrunwell,anditincludesthingsliketransport,irrigation,electricity,telephones,andschools.Thesethingsprovideaframeworkfornewjobstobecreated,allowingpeopletohelpthemselvessothattheynolongerneedtodependonothers.Anotherwaytohelpacountryisthroughthedevelopmentofprivateenterprisealongwithjobtraininginordertoaddresstheproblemofunemployment.Forexample,inAfghanistan,housewivesandwindowshavebeentaughttosewclothing,whichtheycansellforextraincome.IneasternNigeria,youngpeoplearebeingtrainedtousecomputertechnologytodeveloptheirproblem-solvingandcommunicationskills,andtofindnewoccupationsinthefieldoftechnology.InSouthAfrica,acommunityprogrammeisprovidingtrainingandhelpforpeoplewithoutjobsorhomes,sothattheycanlearntomakeworksofarttoselltotourists.Althoughthisisabitdifferentfromconventionalbusinesses,theprogrammeisgrowingfast,andmanypeoplehavebeenquitesuccessfulinit.Finally,wemustrememberthatthefutureofacountryliesinthehandsofitschildren.Thisiswhyeducationandtrainingforyoungpeopleissoimportant.Therearehundredsofsuccessstoriesfromalloverthedevelopingworld,showingthatalotisbeingdonetofightpoverty,yetwecannotpretendthatthefightisover.Povertyisstillkillingpeople.However,thesesmallvictoriesareagoodstarttowardsabetterfuture,astheyarenottheresultsofgivingamanasinglefishsothathecaneatforaday.Theyaretheresultofteachingamantofishsothathecanfillhisbellyforalifetime.1985年,埃塞俄比亚几乎没有降雨,这导致收成损毁,很多城市的牛畜死亡。事态的严重性让鲍勃·格尔多夫,一位爱尔兰音乐家震惊,格尔多夫想通过音乐会为解救饥饿筹钱,并提高公众对该问题的意识。1985年7月13日,音乐会在伦敦和费城两地举行,出席者包括了当时最红的巨星。所以他组织了一场名为“现场援助”的慈善音乐会,为埃塞俄比亚饥荒受难者募集资金。最后,筹集到了一亿美元,这些钱被用来购买食物以及为埃塞俄比亚的发展项目提供帮助。“现场援助”音乐会发生在1985年,但对许多发展中国家的人来说,疾病和贫困仍是严重的问题。音乐会还得到了全世界的关注,这给政客们施加了巨大压力,迫使他们为世界的饥饿问题做一些事情。根据联合国的资料,每年有一千万人死于饥饿和营养不良。为了抗击世界各地的饥荒,联合国于1963年成立了世界粮食计划署(WFP)组织。世界粮食计划署已经组织了若干项目,包括:挽救生命粮食计划—该计划为处于危机时刻的国家送去紧急粮食援助;健康成长粮食计划——它主要以身处危险中的人作为目标,例如婴儿、孕妇和老年人;帮助失业的人们维持生计的以工贷赈计划——通过给他们工作,用食物援助支付他们的工资。通过这样的计划,世界粮食计划署从其建立起,已经帮助了十亿多人。勿需置疑,这是惊人的成就,但是这就足够了吗?发展中国家真正需要做的就是通过与贫困的根源做斗争来消灭贫困。这样做的方法之一就是改善一国的基础设施。一国的基础设施就是让一切良好运作的设施,包括交通、灌溉、电力、电话和学校等。这些事业如果发展起来,就会为人们创造就业机会,使得他们可以帮助自己而不用依赖他人。今天,非洲、亚洲和南美洲的一些发展中国家正处于关键时刻。当前它们正经理巨大的发展,但同时它们依然比世界上很多其他国家要贫穷,并且有进一步于落后发达国家的危险它们需要帮助,但不幸的事实是仅有食物援助是不够的那仅仅是一个长期问题的短期解决办法。发展中国家真正需要做的就是通过与贫困的根源做斗争来消灭贫困。为了找到解决这一长期问题的长久之计。有句俗语是这样说的:“授人以鱼,三餐之需;授人以渔,终生之用。”国家需要发展以生产他们需要的食物,并有足够的钱在世界市场上购买这些食物。尽管这有一点点不同于传统的商业,但它迅速成长,许多人很成功。帮助一个国家的另一个方法是通过私营企业伴随职业培训的发展解决失业问题。例如,在阿富汗,家庭主妇和寡妇们被教授缝制衣服,这些衣服可以出售增加额外收入。在尼日利亚东部,年轻人接受培训,学习使用电脑技术来发展他们的解决问题和沟通的技能,并寻找技术领域新的职业。在南非,一项社区计划为失业和无家可归的人提供培训和帮助,让他们用金属丝制作艺术品向游客出售。尽管这有一点点不同于传统的商业,但它迅速成长,许多人很成功。在各处的发展中国家有数以百计的成功故事,表明人
本文标题:牛津高中英语模块十
链接地址:https://www.777doc.com/doc-2220607 .html