测绘毕业定稿

2013届本科毕业论文（设计）不同电子度盘测角原理的比较研究姓名：董国红系别：环境与规划学院专业：测绘工程学号：091412021指导教师：邢会敏2013年05月01日商丘师范学院2013届本科毕业论文（设计）I目录摘要..............................................................................................................................................................IIAbstract.........................................................................................................................................................III引言.................................................................................................................................................................11角度测量概述.............................................................................................................................................11.1角度测量..............................................................................................................................................11.2电子经纬仪的基本结构及其相互关系..............................................................................................21.2.1经纬仪的基本结构.......................................................................................................................21.2.2主要部件的相互关系...................................................................................................................31.3角度测量的发展历史..........................................................................................................................31.4电子度盘测角......................................................................................................................................42光栅度盘测角原理.....................................................................................................................................52.1光栅与莫尔条纹..................................................................................................................................52.2光栅度盘测角装置及其测量原理.......................................................................................................63编码度盘测角原理...................................................................................................................................103.1码区度盘测角原理............................................................................................................................103.2条码度盘测角原理............................................................................................................................134动态度盘测角原理...................................................................................................................................145不同电子度盘测角原理比较...................................................................................................................166应用实例...................................................................................................................................................17结论与展望...................................................................................................................................................19参考文献.......................................................................................................................................................20商丘师范学院2013届本科毕业论文（设计）II不同电子度盘测角原理的比较研究摘要由古至今角度测量一直是工程测量的主要测量内容，近现代主要的测角仪器主要是经纬仪。自从进入经纬仪双度盘（水平度盘和垂直度盘）角度测量时代以来，已经历了以金属度盘为标志的机械经纬仪和以玻璃度盘为标志的光学经纬仪发展阶段。但是其操作任然限于人工操作，效率较低，工作量较大。20世纪60年代以来，电子度盘的出现，使角度读数实现了电子化、自动化。电子经纬仪，全站仪开始逐渐替代光学经纬仪，成为当今地面角度测量的主要设备。尤其是20世纪90年代中叶，自动目标识别与照准技术的出现，突破了角度测量需要人工照准目标的重大缺陷，又使全站仪的自动化角度测量发生了质的飞跃。以高度自动化与智能化为标志的测量机器人的出现，实现了角度测量的自动照准与测量读数，是角度测量进入了一个崭新的时代。关键词测角原理；光栅度盘；编码度盘；动态度盘；测量机器人商丘师范学院2013届本科毕业论文（设计）IIIAComparativeStudyofDifferentElectronicScaleMeasurementPrincipleAbstractFromancienttimestothepresentanglemeasurementhasbeenthemainmeasuringcontentofengineeringsurveying,modernmainanglemeasuringinstrumentismainlytheodolite.Sinceenteringthetheodolitedoublecircle(horizontalscaleandvertical)anglemeasurementtimessince,hasexperiencedmechanicaltheodolitewithmetaldialasthesymbolandglassdiskasasymboloftheopticaltheodolitedevelopmentstage.Butitsoperationisstilllimitedtomanualoperation,lowefficiency,largerworkload.Sincethenineteensixties,theelectronicscale,theangletorealizetheelectronic,automation.Electronictheodolite,totalstationbegantograduallyreplacetheopticaltheodolite,becomethemainequipmentingroundofanglemeasurement.Especiallythemidnineteenninties,recognitionandsightingthetechnologyofautomatictargetappears,breakthemajordefectsofanglemeasurementneedartificialsightingtargetandmaketheautomaticangletotalstationmeasurementhasundergoneaqualitativeleap.Measuringrobotwithahighdegreeofautomationandintelligenceasasymboloftheemergence,realizeautomaticcollimationandmeasurementofanglemeasurementofanglemeasurement,isenteringanewera.KeywordsAnglemeasuringprinciple;Gratingdegreedisk;Gratingdegreedisk;Codeddial;Dynamicdisk;Measuringrobot商丘师范学院2013届本科毕业论文（设计）1不同电子度盘测角原理的比较研究引言自从进入经纬仪双度盘（水平度盘和垂直度盘）角度测量时代以来，已经历了以金属度盘为标志的机械经纬仪和以玻璃度盘为标志的光学经纬仪发展阶段。但是其操作任然限于人工操作，效率较低，工作量较大。20世纪60年代以来，随着电子元器件、集成电路、显示器、微型计算机的发展以及电子度盘的出现，使得采用电子度盘的电子经纬仪采用电子测角技术，并结合微机，实现了测角操作程序的自动化，测量结果自动显示，自