科技英语综合教程练习答案

Keys:第一章科技英语阅读第一节科技英语主要特点I.1.ThefirstthreesentencesinPassageOneareallconstructedwithpassivevoicewhilethefirstthreesentencesinPassageTwoareconstructedwithactivevoice.Therefore,thelanguageinPassageOnesoundsmoreformalandobjectivethanthatofPassageTwo.2.ThewordsspokenbySheilainPassageTwoareinformal.Examples:There'sRaviatthehomeofthatAmericandoctor.(Contractedform);Awonderfulguy.(Incompletesentence);Ravilookssweet,doesn'the?(Questiontag).3.InthesecondparagraphofPassageOne,itreferstotouseinsecticideregularly,onaverylargescale.4.InthesecondparagraphofPassageTwo,throughmeansfinishorcomplete.5.PassageOneiswrittenforacademicpurposeandPassageTwomainlyforentertainment.II.PassageOneAblastofhotairissentintothebottomofthefurnacetomakethecokeburnfiercely.Itisblownintothefurnacethroughpipes.Thesepipesareinstalledaroundthecircumferenceoftheblastfurnaceeightfeetabovethebottom.Whilethecokeisburningandironismelting,gasisformedatthetopofthechamber.Thisisledofffromthetopofthefurnacetobeused.Itcontainscarbonmonoxide,whichiscombustible.Partofthisgasisusedformakingtheairblasthot.Itisledoffintostoves.PassageTwoAllelementsarecomposedofdiscreteunitscalledatoms,whicharethesmallestparticlesthatexhibitthecharacteristicsoftheelement.Atomsaretinyunitsofmattercomposedofpositivelychargedprotons,negativelychargedelectrons,andelectricallyneutralneutrons.Protonsandneutrons,whichhaveapproximatelythesamemass,areclusteredinthenucleusinthecenteroftheatom.Electrons,whicharetinyincomparisontotheotherunits,orbitthenucleusathighspeed.Atomsthathaveanequalnumberofelectronsandprotonsareelectricallyneutral.Thosethathavegainedorlostelectrons,andthereforearepositivelyornegativelycharged,arecalledions.第二节科技、半科技英语专业术语I.1.D(自动驾驶仪)2.F(生物钟)3.I(热核的)4.G(地热的)5.B(微波)6.J(放射疗法)7.E(光周期)8.A(超导体)9.H(远距离操纵器)10.C(超显微/滤过性病毒)II.1.一位从事航空医学研究的医生2.防止计算机犯罪的措施3.一种新型除霜器4.一个用光电池驱动的玩具5.一辆装有自动报警器的汽车6.隔音材料7.一种广泛使用的杀虫剂（农药）8.用放射性碳做的试验9.电信业的发展10.一台通用机床III.1.in-(Inorganic)2.radio-(radioactive)3.hydro-(Hydrotherapy)4.-free(caffeine-free)5.infra-(infrared)/ultra-(ultrared)6.mono-(monorail)7.aero-(Aerodynamics)8.-fold(33-fold)9.geo-(geocentric)10.-proof(weatherproof)11.bio-(biotechnology)12.anti-(antibiotic)IV.发电站2.矿物燃料3.太阳黑子4.航天探测器5.滚珠轴承6.涡轮7.航天飞机8.树木的年轮9.离心调速器10.心肌功能V.1.flow2.laws3.law4.conserved5.transferred6.transformed7.bond8.thermodynamics9.work10.law11.degraded12.work13.law14.state15.disorder16.energy17.law18.biological19.metabolically20.cellVI.1.很明显，许多家用电器的加热和照明作用都依靠电阻。2.气体如果不封闭在刚性的容器内就会膨胀，受热的气球便可说明这一现象。3.在化学变化中，粒子结构发生变化，生成新的物质。4.19世纪，电力设备以及由此兴起的工业得到迅速发展，而当时人们对电的性质还不完全了解。5.应注意保证脉冲信号本身不出现不规则现象和中断现象。6.可以有把握地说，除了琥珀之外，许多其他物质通过摩擦也能带电。第三节科技英语中的复合词与专有名词1.H(耐热的，抗热的，不传热的)2.E(带宽)3.J(流线型的)4.B(基岩)5.G(耗电量大的)6.A(太空行走)7.I(用水制冷的)8.D(液态的)9.F(用防火材料保护的，阻燃的)10.C(网络)II.1.stressshock,stress-relateddiseases2.solid-statesemiconductordevices3.energy-efficientappliances4.topsoil5.steamengine6.soilorganisms7.windbornedust8.thechainreaction9.Fuelwoodshortages10.heat-andscratch-resistantsurfacesIII.1.nylon2.volt3.pasteurization4.Morsecode5.Bunsenburner6.mackintosh7.Dopplereffect8.Xerox9.newton10.ampere第四节科技英语中的复数形式与缩略语I.1.bacteria2.spectra/spectrums3.radius4.Fungi5.nucleus6.formula7.phenomenon8.Algae/Algas9.larvae/larvas10.stratumII.1.F(computerdiscread-onlymemory)2.J(ear,nose,andthroat)3.A(ribonucleicacid)4.H(unidentifiedflyingobject)5.C(microwavelandingsystem)6.B(video-displayterminal)7.I(personalcomputer)8.E(ultraviolet)9.G(computer-aidedmanufacturing)10.D(artificialintelligence)III.1.上述定理和定律不但对直流电路而言是正确的，对交流电路而言也同样是正确的。2.美国通常的家用电压是110-220伏，因为人们发现更高的电压会造成致命的事故。3.4500型平版印刷机（人们给该机器取的名字）能过生产1英寸厚的18英寸彩色液晶显示屏。4.该发生器每小时产生蒸汽20万磅。5.电离层的结构是变化的，这就意味着，高频无线电通信的频率极限也是变化的。第五节科技英语的主要句型I.1.Thefirstprogramwouldrequireaminimumof108weeks,whilethesecond72weeks.2.Heatedto100°C,waterwillstartboiling.3.Thenutrientsolutionwillsupportgrowthevenifhighlydilute.4.Twoorthreehundredofthesewires,eachabout0.19inchesindiameter,areclampedtogethertoformasinglestrand.5.ThethreegroupsoftranquilizersaremarketedintheUnitedStates,butnotcommonlyusedinBritain.II.1.Commonsaltissolubleinwater.2.Benzenehasaboilingpointof80.4°Cundernormalpressure.3.Thisplasticsmaterialhasgreaterrigidity.4.ThebeamhasanI-shapedcross-section.5.Thisspecimenhasalengthof3-26cm.6.Thestoragevesselhasacapacityof10,000liters.7.Abriefdescriptionisgivenoftheuseanddevelopmenttrendsoftelecommunication.8.Somescientistshavesuggestedanimmediatebanontheuseoffluorocarbons.III.1.Inplanningaroad,extensivepreliminarysurveysmustbecarriedouttodeterminethepreciselineoftheroad.2.Insuchcases,precautionshavetobetakentoavoiddamagetothemechanism.3.First,thetentsmustbespacedat25-footintervalstopreventflamespread.4.Thesolutionisweakenedbytheadditionofmorewater.5.Electricitycanbetransmittedbymeansofwires.6.Themicroscopeenablessmallobjectstobeobserved.7.Thesemethodsofjoiningmetalarenormallyadoptedforstrongpermanentjoints.8.Theexistenceofthebiologicalclockwasfirstrecognizedintheearly18thcentury.9.Thewaythisdangerhasbeenassessedandtheactiontakenreflectsagrowingawarenessoftheproblem.10.Afterthesoilhasbeenexcav