液化---印度尼西亚装载铝矾土的安全提示

液化–印尼铝矾土的潜在危险通过协会近些年发布的各种通函、新闻警告和防损公告，会员已经熟悉了运输易液化货物的危险。但一直以来主要的关注点是印度和巴西的铁精粉运输，以及菲律宾和印尼镍矿的运输。然而，协会之前报道过，在巴西装运的铝矾土有可能液化（相关文章，请见附后）。近期，协会得知印尼铝矾土货物也存在这一风险，因为印尼的矿山中使用高压水炮冲刷铝矾土粉和铝矾土块使其通过滤网。这一处理极大地增加了货物的含水量，据报道冲刷后铝矾土的含水量比在堆场时高出约15%。这使得货物的性质从低含水量，通常不液化，转变成在航程中容易液化。货物液化会导致货物移动及船舶失去稳性，这也是海上事故的主要原因之一。会员可能已经知道，铝矾土是一种通常不易液化的货物。《国际海运固体散货规则》中铝矾土是C类货物，也就是不易液化，但是这是基于铝矾土货物的含水量在0%-10%之间，70%-90%块状尺寸在2.5-500毫米之间，以及10%-30%的粉末。据协会所知，印尼筛选处理，可以使块状尺寸都小于100毫米，这不仅减小货物颗粒大小（很可能小于IMSBC规则中的规定），而且增加货物含水量使之超过IMSBC规则中规定的水平。因此，对于铝矾土货物，会员应始终保持警惕。提醒会员注意IMSBC规则，附则3，2.1段规定“许多细微颗粒货物，若含水量太高就会流动。因此，任何受潮或湿的货物，若包含一定比例细微颗粒，应在装载前测试流动性。”尤其是，会员应确保不轻信发货人的货物申明（货物描述，IMSBC规则对此作出的规定，含水量）。会员将装运印尼铝矾土货物前，对货物申明的真实性，或所提供的任何货物细节有任何疑问，应尽早联系协会，以便进行第三方测试，从而确定将要装运货物的真实特性以及是否适合运输。Liquefaction-PotentialDangersofIndonesianBauxiteMemberswillbeawareofthedangersassociatedwiththecarriageofcargoesthatcanliquefyfromthevariousCirculars,NewsAlertsandStopLossarticlesissuedbytheCluboverrecentyears.TheprimaryfocusofconcernhasbeeninrespectofthecarriageofironorefinesfromIndiaandBrazil,aswellasnickelorefromthePhilippinesandIndonesia.However,theClubhaspreviouslyreportedonpossibleliquefactionofBauxitecargoesloadedinBrazil(fortherelevantalert,pleasereferwithherewithone).Recently,theClubhaslearnedofthepotentialrisksarisingfromthepracticeofusingwatercannonstowashBauxitefinesandlumpsthroughsievesinminesinIndonesia.Thisprocesssignificantlyincreasesthemoisturecontentofthecargo,reportedlytoapproximately15%bythetimetheBauxiteisplacedinthestoragearea.Thischangesthepropertiesofthecargofromonewithalowmoisturecontentthatisnotordinarilypronetoliquefaction,toacargowhichmayliquefyduringavoyage.Liquefactionofcargoresultsincargoshiftingandlossofshipstability,amajorcauseofmarinecasualties.AsMembersmayalreadybeaware,Bauxiteisnotacargoonewouldordinarilyexpecttobepronetoliquefaction.TheIMSBCCodeasaGroupCcargoi.e.acargonotliabletoliquefybutthiscategorisationisbasedontheBauxitecargohavingamoisturecontentbetween0%and10%consistingof70%-90%lumpsvaryinginsizebetween2.5and500mmand10%-30%powder.AsweunderstandittheprocessthattakesplaceinIndonesiaofsievingthecargotoreducelumpstobelow100mm,notonlyreducestheparticlesizeofthecargo(possiblytosmallerthanthatspecifiedintheIMSBCCode)butalsoincreasesthemoisturecontenttothatexceedingthelevelsspecifiedintheIMSBCCode.MembersshouldthereforeremainvigilantatalltimeswithBauxitecargoes.MembersareremindedofParagraph2.1ofAppendix3oftheIMSBCCodewhichstatesthatmanyfine-particledcargoes,ifpossessingasufficientlyhighmoisturecontent,areliabletoflow.Thusanydamporwetcargocontainingaproportionoffineparticlesshouldbetestedforflowcharacteristicspriortoloading.Inparticular,Membersshouldensuretheydonottaketheshipper'scargodeclarationatfacevalue(eitherasregardsthedescriptionofthecargo,howitistreatedundertheIMSBCCode,orthemoisturecontent).IfMembersareinanydoubtastotheauthenticityofthecargodeclarationoranyofthedetailsprovidedthereinwhenBauxitecargoesaretobeloadedinIndonesia,theearliestpossibleconsiderationshouldbegiventocontactingtheClubsothatindependenttestsmay,ifconsiderednecessary,beconductedinordertodeterminethetruenatureofthecargotobeloadedanditssuitabilityforcarriage.Annex:LiquefactionofBauxiteCargoes23Mar2012TheClubhavehadreportsfromBrazilthattherehasbeeninalargeincreaseinclaimsarisingoutoftheliquefactionofbauxitecargoesbeingshippedfromtheAmazonbasinarea.AsMembersmaybeaware,BauxitehasbeenlistedasaGroupCcargointheInternationalMaritimeSolidBulkCargoesCode(IMSBCCode).GroupCconsistsofcargoeswhicharenotliabletoliquefyanddonotpossesschemicalhazards.Thusbauxiteisnotacargoonewouldordinarilyexpecttobepronetoliquefaction.However,thecategorizationintheIMSBCCodeonlyappliestoBauxitecargoeswithinthespecificdescriptionandcharacteristicslisted.Inparticular,Bauxiteisdescribed/characterisedas:-1.70%-90%lumps2.2.5mmto500mm3.10%-30%powder4.0%-10%MoistureContentItisourunderstandingthattheproblemsintheAmazonbasinhavearisenduetoheavyrainsintheareaincreasingthemoisturecontentofthecargoaboveprescribedlevels,insufficientstoragetimetoallowfordrainageandshipsloadingduringrainfall.ItisafurtherpossibilitythattheparticlesizemaybesmallerthanthatthespecificationintheIMSBCCode.MembersareremindedofParagraph2.1ofAppendix3oftheIMSBCCodewhichstatesthatmanyfine-particledcargoes,ifpossessingasufficientlyhighmoisturecontent,areliabletoflow.Thusanydamporwetcargocontainingaproportionoffineparticlesshouldbetestedforflowcharacteristicspriortoloading.Further,shouldBauxitepresentedforloadingnotmatchthelisteddescription/characteristics,thenthecargoshouldbetreatedasonethatisnotlistedintheIMSBCCodeinaccordancewiththeproceduresetoutinparagraph1.3inSection1oftheIMSBCCode.==LONDONP&ICLUB==