港口国监督检查问答

港口国监督检查问答InterlocutioninthePortStateControl第一章定义和常用缩略语一定义1.Cleargrounds:Evidencethattheship,itsequipment,oritscrewdoesnotcorrespondsubstantiallywiththerequirementsoftherelevantconventionsorthatthemasterorcrewmembersarenotfamiliarwithessentialshipboardproceduresrelatingtothesafetyofshipsorthepreventionofpollution.明显依据：船舶及其设备或其船员实质上不符合有关公约的要求的证据，或船长或船员不熟悉有关船舶安全或防止污染的船上基本程序的证据。2.Deficiency:Aconditionfoundnottobeincompliancewiththerequirementsoftherelevantconvention.缺陷：发现的不符合有关公约要求的一种状况。3.Detention:InterventionactiontakenbytheportStatewhentheconditionoftheshiporitscrewdoesnotcorrespondsubstantiallywiththeapplicableconventionstoensurethattheshipwillnotsailuntilitcanproceedtoseawithoutpresentingadangertotheshiporpersonsonboard,orwithoutpresentinganunreasonablethreatofharmtothemarineenvironment.滞留：当船舶或船员实质上不符合适用公约要求时，港口国为保证该船舶只有在不会对船舶或船上人员构成危险或不会对海上环境造成损害威胁时方可开航所采取的干涉行动。4.Inspection:Avisitonboardashiptocheckboththevalidityoftherelevantcertificatesanddocuments,andtheoverallconditionoftheship,itsequipment,anditscrew.检查：登船查验有关证书、文件的有效性和船舶及其设备的总体情况。5.Moredetailedinspection:Aninspectionconductedwhentherearecleargroundsforbelievingthattheconditionoftheship,itsequipment,oritscrewdoesnotcorrespondsubstantiallywiththeparticularsofthecertificates.详细检查：当有明显依据相信船舶条件、船舶设备或船员实质上不符合证书项目时所进行的检查。6.PortStateControlOfficer(PSCO):ApersondulyauthorizedbythecompetentauthorityofaPartytoarelevantconventiontocarryoutportStatecontrolinspections,andresponsibleexclusivelytothatParty.港口国监督检查官（以下简称检查官）：经有关公约缔约国的主管机关正式授权执行港口国监督检查，并只对缔约国负责的人员。7.Stoppageofanoperation:Formalprohibitionagainstashiptocontinueanoperationduetoidentifieddeficiencies,whichsinglyortogether,renderthecontinuationofsuchoperationhazardous.停止作业：由于船舶具有一个或几个被识别的缺陷会使船舶继续进行某些操作产生危险，而对继续进行此项作业的正式禁止。8.Substandardship:Ashipwhosehull,machinery,equipment,oroperationalsafetyissubstantiallybelowthestandardsrequiredbytherelevantconventionorwhosecrewisnotinconformancewiththesafemanningdocument.低于标准船：船体、机器、设备或操作安全方面实质上低于有关公约要求的标准或者实际配员不符合安全配员档的船舶。9.Validcertificates:AcertificatethathasbeenissueddirectlybyaPartytoarelevantconventionoronitsbehalfbyarecognizedorganizationandcontainsaccurateandeffectivedates;meetstheprovisionsoftherelevantconvention;and,withwhichtheparticularsoftheship,itscrewanditsequipmentcorrespond.有效证书：由有关公约的一个缔约国直接签发的，或由缔约国认可的机构代表该缔约国签发的，包括准确和有效地日期，符合有关公约规定并载明船舶、船员和设备细目的证书。二常用缩略语10.Abbreviations英文缩写DOCDocumentofCompliance符合证明SMCSafetyManagementCertificate安全管理证书SMSSafetyManagementSystem安全管理体系ILLInternationalLoadLine国际载重线IOPPInternationalOilPollutionPrevention国际防止油污OPA90OilPollutionActof1990(USA)1990年油污法（美国）AISAutomaticIdentificationSystem自动识别系统IGSInertGasSystem惰性气体系统MOUMemorandumofUnderstanding备忘录SOPStandardOperatingProcedure标准操作程序SOPEPShipboardOilPollutionEmergencyPlan船上油污应急计划VDRVoyageDataRecorder航行数据记录仪GMDSSGlobalMaritimeDistressandSafetySystem全球海上遇险与安全系统三缺陷代码及纠正条款说明11.ActionCodes行动代码10deficiencyrectified缺陷已纠正15rectifydeficiencyatnextport缺陷在下一港纠正16rectifydeficiencywithin14days缺陷在14天内纠正17masterinstructedtorectifydeficiencybeforedeparture通知船长在开航前纠正缺陷18rectifynon-conformitywithin3months在3个月内纠正不符合项19rectifymajornon-conformitybeforedeparture在开航前纠正严重不符合项30detainabledeficiency可滞留的缺陷35detentionraised解除滞留36shipallowedtosailafterfollow-updetention在跟踪滞留的前提下准予开航40nextportinformed通知下一港45nextportinformedtore-detain通知下一港再次滞留50flagState/consulinformed通知船旗国/领事机构55flagStateconsulted咨询船旗国60regionStateinformed通知地区国70classificationsocietyinformed通知船级社80temporarysubstitutionofequipment临时替代设备85investigationofcontraventionofdischargeprovisions(MARPOL)调查违规排放（MARPOL）95letterofwarningissued签发警告信96letterofwarningwithdrawn收回警告信99other(specifyincleartext)其它（详细说明）注：这里引用的是东京备忘录的行动代码，其它备忘录的情况大同小异。第二章港口国监督检查概述12General概要PortStateControl(PSC)istheinspectionofforeignshipsinnationalportsforthepurposeofverifyingthattheconditionoftheshipanditsequipmentcomplywiththerequirementsofinternationalconventionsandthattheshipismannedandoperatedincompliancewithapplicableinternationallaws.TheprimaryresponsibilityforensuringthatashipmaintainsastandardatleastequivalenttothatspecifiedininternationalconventionsrestswiththeflagStateandifallflagStateperformedtheirdutiessatisfactorilytherewouldbenoneedforportStatecontrol.Unfortunatelythisisnotthecaseasevidencedbythemanymarineaccidentsaroundtheworld–hencetheneedforadditionalcontrol.港口国监督是港口国当局对抵港的外国籍船舶实施的，以确保船舶及其设备符合国际公约要求、船舶的配员与操作符合适用的国际规范为目的的一种检查。确保船舶保持国际公约中所规定的标准时船旗国的首要责任，如果所有的船旗国都能令人满意的履行他们的职责，那么港口国监督就没有必要存在。不幸的是，实际情况却并非如此，世界范围内发生的诸多海难事故已经证明了这一点，因此这种额外监控也就成为必然。TheauthorityforexercisingPSCisthenationallawbasedonrelevantconventions.ItisthereforenecessaryforaportStatetobePartytothoseconventionsandtohavepromulgatedthenecessarylegislationbeforeexercisingPSC.Inaccordancewiththeprovisionsoftheapplicableconventions,PartiesmayconductinspectionsofforeignshipsintheirportsthroughPortStateControlOfficers(PSCOs).港口国监督的实施是通过基于相关国际公约的国内法所授权的。因此，港口国必须是这些公约的缔约国，而且，在实施港口国监督之前要颁布其立法。根据所适用公约的条款规定，港口国可由检查官对抵达其港口的外国籍船舶实施检查。13.ProvisionsforportStatecontrol港口国监督条款IMOconventionsplacetheresponsibility