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电机学(十五课本)第二章变压器AUSINNN5131036310560033322.,AIINN2963513322额定电压:kVUUNN7745310311.kVUUNN3622.1)低压侧开路实验:212434736800322200..''IpRm6147434763002020..''IUZm414692124614742222...''''''mmmRZX折算到高压侧(一次侧):21042124916402...''mmRkR8123241469916402...''mmXkX一次阻抗基值:87173235774111.NNbIUZ835871721041...bmmZRR,02698717812321...bmmZXX高压侧短路实验:057503233180003221.kkkIpR9830323355031111.kkkkkIUIUZ98100575098302222...kkkRZX0032508717057501...bkkZRR,05490871798101...bkkZXX2)采用近似等效电路,满载且802.cos(滞后)时,取0220UU,则:02873680..arccos,00222228736323873691640296...''kIIINN4242916402057849531787363236586983022200221........''jUkUUkUIZUk若111UU,则:222214242205.kUU,而VUUN577411从而:VU60732,0206073U,01426073916402420569242....arctan,VU4257741.AZUImm768291531785614744257741.....,AIIIIm0021146376326873632376829153.....'3)电压调整率:%.%.%%'56310057746073916405774100577457741002121kUUUUUNN或%.%....%sincos%sincos%''''554310060054908000325010010010022212222121kkNkkNNXRIUXIRIUUUU输出功率:kWSPN448080560022.cos输入功率:kWppPPFecu845048618448021..额定效率:%.%.%459910084504448010012PP第三章直流电机3-11一台他励发电机的转速提高20%,空载电压会提高多少(设励磁电流保持不变)?若为并励发电机,则电压升高的百分值比他励发电机多还是少(设励磁电阻不变)?解:他励发电机nCEUe0,励磁电流不变,磁通不变,转速提高20%,空载电压会提高20%;并励发电机,ffeRInCEU0,转速提高,空载电压提高,空载电压提高,励磁电流提高,磁通提高,空载电压进一步提高,所以,并励发电机,转速提高20%,空载电压升高的百分值大于他励时的20%。3-9、一台4极82kW、230V、970r/min的他励直流发电机,电枢上共有123个元件,每元件为1匝,支路数22a。如果每极的合成磁通等于空载额定转速下具有额定电压时的每极磁通,试计算当电机输出额定电流时的电磁转矩。解:转矩常数304.781212322aZ2pCaT感应电动势常数2.812123602aZ60pCae空载额定转速下具有额定电压时的每极磁通02892Wb.09702.8230nCENea0额定输出电流52A.35623082000UPIINNa额定电流时的电磁转矩36N.80752.35602892.0304.78ICTaTeN3-12、一台他励直流发电机的额定电压为230V,额定电流为10A,额定转速为1000r/min,电枢总电阻5.1Ra。已知在750r/min时的空载特性如下:AIf0.41.01.62.02.53.03.64.45.2VE033781201501761942.6225240试求:1)额定转速、励磁电流为2.5A时的空载电压为多少?2)如转速降为900r/min,空载电压为多少?3)满载时电磁功率为多少?解:1)nCEe,空载时励磁电流不变,主极磁通不变,所以2347.0750176nEC0e额定转速时空载电压234.7V10000.2347nCEe2)转速为900r/min时211.2V9000.2347nCEe3)满载时端电压:230VUN,感应电动势:245V5.110230RIUEaaNNa额定电磁功率:45kW.210245IEPaNaeN3-13、一台四极82kW,230V,970r/min的并励发电机,02590075.R,励磁绕组总电阻822075.fR,额定负载时并励回路串入53.的调节电阻,电刷压降为2V,铁耗和机械损耗共kW52.,杂散损耗为额定功率的0.5%,试求额定负载时的输入功率、电磁功率和效率。解:A.UPINNN5235623010823额定负载时励磁功率:W..RRUPSfNfN20115382223027520A...RUIfNNfN745853822230,AIIIfNNaN27365745852356...VRIUUEaaNNaN46241025902736522302...电磁功率:kWIEPaNaNeN198882736546241...额定输入功率:kWpppPPFeeNN10891825052198881.%...额定效率:%%.%90100108918210012PP3-14、一台100kW、230V的并励发电机,励磁绕组每极有1000匝,在额定转速下产生额定电压需励磁电流7A,额定电流时需9.4A的励磁电流才能达到同样的端电压。今欲将该机改为平复励,问每极应加多少匝串励绕组?解:空载端电压为230V时励磁磁动势为7000A71000NIFf0f0发电机额定电流为78A.434230100000UPINNN并励发电机额定状态时的励磁磁动势为9400A4.91000NIFfNfN为保持端电压不变,抵消电枢反应的去磁效应和电枢压降所增加的磁动势为2400A70009400FFFf0fN这一磁动势有串励绕组提供时串励绕组的匝数为652.578.4342400IFNNS匝3-16、一台17kW,220V的并励直流电动机,电枢总电阻10.aR,在额定电压下电枢电流为100A,转速为1450r/min,并励绕组与一变阻器串联以限制励磁电流为4.3A。当变阻器短路时,励磁电流为9A,转速降低到850r/min,电动机带有恒转矩负载,机械损耗等不计,试计算:1)励磁绕组电阻和变阻器电阻;2)变阻器短路后,电枢电流的稳态值;3)电磁转矩。解:1)VU220,变阻器短路时ARIff9220,所以44249220.fR变阻器励磁限流时ARRIfsf34220.,从而72264424165134220....fsRR2)min/rn1450时,VRIUEaaa21010100220.电磁功率:WIEPaae31021100210电磁转矩:NmPTee3138602145021000.恒转矩负载,变阻器短路后:WTPee123106028503138.12310102202aaaaaaaeIIIRIUIEP.解得:AIa4657.3-18、一台96kW的并励直流电动机,额定电压为440V,额定电流为255A,额定励磁电流为5A,额定转速为500r/min,电枢总电阻为0.078Ω。不计电枢反应,试求:1)电动机的额定输出转矩;2)额定电流时的电磁转矩;3)电动机的空载转速。解:1)额定输出转矩m5N.183360250096000PTN22)额定电压、额定电流时的感应电动势5V.420078.05255440RIUEaaNNaN额定电流时的电磁转矩m74N.20076025002505.420IEPTaNaeNeN3)额定时5V.420nCENeaN,从而841.05005.420nECNaNem74N.2007ICTaNTeN,从而031.825074.2007ITCaNeNT电动机空载转矩m24N.1745.183374.2007TTT2eN0空载时电磁转矩为空载转矩,此时电枢电流696A.218.03124.174CTCTIT0Tea0电枢感应电动势31V.438078.0696.21440RIUEaa0Na电机空载转速2r/min.521841.031.438CEnea第五章感应电机5-3、三相感应电动机的转速变化时,转子所生磁动势在空间的转速是否改变?为什么?解:转子所生磁动势在空间的转速保持为同步转速不变;因为:转子转速为n,转子导体切割同步旋转磁场的转差转速为nnns,转子感应电流的频率为602npf,转子磁动势相对于转子的转速为npfn2260,转子磁动势的转向与转子同向,所以转子磁动势相对于定子的转速为snnnnn2。5-14(5-15)、有一台三相四极的笼型感应电动机,电动机的容量kWPN17,额定电压VUN3801,D联结,参数为,.,.,.,.''033416074171502211XRXR,7526mmXR,.电动机的机械损耗Wp139,额定负载时的杂散损耗Wp320,试求额定负载时的转差率、定子电流、定子功率因数、电磁转矩、输出转矩和效率。解:假设额定负载时的转差率为020080.Ns,则电机参数:01117678817417150....jjXRZ03853757526...jjXRZmmm02223389200337200330200804160........'''jjjXsRZ00002214264200893183476177417150622119741715071582693815737417150033720752603372075267417150.........................''jjjjjjjjjjZZZZZmm定子电流:AZZZZZUImm000221114266184264200380....''功率因数:896042601..coscos输入功率:kWIUmP999188960618380311111...cos定子铜耗:WRImpcu74271506183212111..激磁电流:AjjZZZIImm0000002211897147158233892042661803372075263
本文标题:电机学课后习题答案
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