法律英语期末考试(整理)

法律英语期末考试一、缩略语1.AGM=AnnualGeneralMeeting年度股东大会2.AKA=alsoknownas俗称3.Am=antemeridiem上午4.Pm=postmeridiem下午5.cc=carboncopy抄送，副本6.CEO=chiefexecutiveofficer首席执行官7.cf=comparedwith8.CIF=cost,insuranceandfreight到岸价格9.COD=cashondelivery货到付款10.eg=exempligratia举个例子11.enc=enclosed附上12.etc.=etcetera等等13.FBI=FederalBureauofInvestigation美国联邦调查局14.FDI=ForeignDirectInvestment外商直接投资15.FOB=freeonboard离岸价格16.GATT=GeneralAgreementonTariffsandTrade关贸总协定17.GMT=Greenwichmeantime格林威治标准时间18.GDP=grossdomesticproduct国内生产总值19.GNP=grossnationalproduct国民生产总值20.Ibid=ibidem同上（出处）21.ie=idest换句话说（thatistosay）22.IOU=Ioweyou借条23.IPO=initialpublicoffering公开发售要约24.ASAP=assoonaspossible25.BTW=bytheway26.FYI=foryourinformation供您参考27.POV=pointofview28.FTA=FreeTradeAgreement/Area自由贸易协定/区29.NAFTA=NorthAmericanFreeTradeAgreement北美自由贸易协定30.pp=perprocurationern代理人（签收信件）31.ps=postscript附言，页面描述语言32.pto=pleaseturnover请翻过来33.QED=quoderatdemonstrandum谨以此作答34.VAT=valueaddedtax增值税35.AOB=anyotherbusiness其他事二、翻译1.1“Affiliate”,inrelationtoaParty,meansanentitythatdirectlyorindirectlycontrols,oriscontrolledby,orisundercommoncontrolwith,thatParty.Forthepurposeofthisdefinition,“control”meanstheownership,directlyorindirectly,of50%ormoreofthevotingshares,registeredcapitalorotherinterestsinsuchentity,orthepossession,directlyorindirectly,ofthepowertoappointamajorityofthemembersofthemanagement,managementcommitteeorboardofdirectorsorsimilardecision-makingbodyofsuchentity,whetherthroughtheownershipofvotingshares,bycontractorotherwise.1.1当涉及一方时，关联企业是指直接或间接控制一方，或被一方控制，或处于一方共同控制之下的实体。此定义中的“控制”是指在该实体中持有50%以上的表决权股份、注册资本或其他权益，或者是通过直接或间接持有表决权股份、合同或其他方式而有权任命该实体中管理层、管理委员会或董事会或类似的决策机构的多数成员。5.6AnychangeintheRegisteredCapitaloftheJointVenturemustbeapprovedunanimouslybythedirectorspresentinpersonorbyproxyinavalidlyconvenedmeetingoftheBoardandshallbesubmittedtotheAuthorityforapproval(ifrequiredbylaw).UponreceiptoftheapprovaloftheAuthority,theJointVentureshallregisterthechangeinregisteredcapitalwiththeIndustryandCommerceAdministration.5.6合资企业注册资本的改变，必须经出席有效召开的董事会的董事或者其代理人一致同意，并报审批机构批准（如果法律要求）。在获得批准后，合资企业应当就注册资本的改变向工商管理部门办理变更登记手续。5.7Subjecttotheprecedingclause,iftheBoardresolvestoapproveanincreaseintheRegisteredCapital,eachPartyshallhavetherighttosubscribefortheadditionalRegisteredCapitalinproportiontoitsequityinterestsintheJointVentureor,withtheconsentoftheotherParty,inaproportionagreedtobytheParties.EachPartymaywaiveitsrighttosubscribeforsuchadditionalRegisteredCapital.IfanyPartywaivesinwholeorinpartitsrighttosubscribeforsuchadditionalRegisteredCapital,theotherPartyshallhavetherighttosubscribewiththesameconditionsfortheadditionalRegisteredCapitalundersuchwaiver.IftheRegisteredCapitalisincreasedasaresultofacapitalcontributiontotheJointVenturebyathirdpartyotherthananexistingShareholder,suchthirdpartyshallsubscribeforsuchadditionalRegisteredCapitalatsuchpriceasagreedtobytheexistingShareholders.5.7根据前项条款，如果董事会作出增加注册资本的决议，每一方均有权按照其在合资企业中的股权比例认购新增的注册资本，或者经对方同意，按照协商一致的比例认购。每一方均可放弃认购新增注册资本的权利。如果一方全部或部分放弃认购新增注册资本的权利，另一方有权在同等条件下认购其放弃认购的新增注册资本。如果合资企业注册资本增加是因为第三方而非现有股东的出资，该第三方应当以现有股东同意的价格认购该新增注册资本。5.10SubjecttothetermsofthisContract,theprovisionsofChapter5on(T?)transfershallnotapplytoanyTransferbyaPartytoitsAffiliates.Insuchcircumstances,theotherPartyshallagreeandcausethedirectorsappointedbyittotheBoardtoapprovesuchTransfer;butifrequiredbytheotherPartyinwriting,thetransferringPartyshall,asaconditiontotheTransfer,issueabindingwrittenguaranteereasonablysatisfactorytotheotherPartytoguaranteetheperformancebythetransfereeofitsobligationsunderthisContract.AnyTransferunderthisContractshallbereportedtotheAuthorityforapprovaltotheextentitisrequiredunderthelawsandregulationsofChina.Uponreceivingsuchapproval,theJointVentureshallregisterthechangeinownershipwiththeIndustryandCommerceAdministration.IfPartyAtransferstheJointVentureEquityheldbyittotheemployeesoftheformerPartyCoritssubsidiariesortoitsdesignatedentities,theprovisionsofthisclauseontheTransferofequityinterestsbyPartyAtoitsAffiliatesshallbeapplicable.5.10根据合同条款，第5章中关于转让的规定不适用于合同一方向其关联企业的转让。在这种情况下，另一方必须同意并促使其任命的董事一致同意此项转让。但是，如果另一方提出书面要求，转让方必须签发有约束力的书面保证来保证受让方履行合同义务，并以此项有理由让另一方满意的保证作为转让的条件。根据中国的法律法规，此合同下的任何转让都应报审批机构批准。在获得批准后，合资企业应当就所有权的改变向工商管理部门办理变更登记手续。如果A方将其持有的合资企业的股份转让给原C方的员工或它的子公司或它指定的实体，A方向其关联企业转让股份应当适用此条款的规定。5.15UponthefulfilmentofthetermsandconditionssetoutinthisChapter5,thePartiesshallcausethedirectorsappointedbyeachofthemtotheBoardtoapproveanyTransferorsaleoftheequityinterestsintheRegisteredCapitalunderthisContract,andshalltake,orcausethetakingof,suchactions,mattersandthingsasrequiredtoensuretheequityinterestsintheRegisteredCapitaltobevestedintherelevantparty.TotheextentrequiredbythelawsandregulationsofChina,anysuchTransfershallbereportedtotheAuthorityforexaminationandapproval.UponreceiptoftheapprovaloftheAuthority,theJointVentureshallregisterthechangeinownershipwiththeIndustryandCommerceAdministration.5.15为了履行第5章中规定的条款和条件，合同各方应当促使其任命的董事一致同意在此合同下注册资本中的股份转让或出售，并且应当采取被要求的相关行动或措施，以确保注册资本中的股份被授予相关方。根据中国的法律法规，任何这样的转让都应报审批机构审查批准。在获得批准后，合资企业应当就所有权的改变向工商管理