语言学教程(第四版)练习-第4章

ChapterFourFromWordtoText2013级英语本科2、4班专用LIUMING1/8ChapterFourFromWordtoTextI.Markthechoicethatbestcompletesthestatement.1.WhichofthefollowingtermdoesNOTmeanthesameastherelationofsubstitutability?A.AssociativerelationB.ParadigmaticrelationC.VerticalrelationD.Horizontalrelation2.Clausescanbeusedassubordinateconstituentsandthethreebasictypesofsubordinateclausesarecomplementclauses,adjunctsclausesand_______.A.relativeclausesB.adverbialclausesC.coordinateclausesD.subordinateclauses3.NamesofthesyntacticfunctionsareexpressedinallthefollowingtermsEXCEPT______.A.subjectsandobjectsB.objectsandpredicatorsC.modifiersandcomplementsD.endocentricandexocentric4.InEnglish,caseisaspecialformofthenounwhichfrequentlycorrespondstoacombinationofperceptionandnounanditisrealizedinallthefollowingchannelsEXCEPT_______.A.inflectionB.followingaprepositionC.wordorderD.verticalrelation5.InEnglish,themeandrhemeareoftenexpressedby_____and____.A.subject;objectB.subject;predicateC.predicate;objectD.object;predicate6.Phrasestructureruleshave_____properties.A.recursiveB.grammaticalC.socialD.functional7.WhichofthefollowingisNOTamongthethreebasicwaystoclassifylanguagesintheworld?A.WordorderB.GeneticclassificationC.ArealclassificationD.Socialclassification8.TheheadofthephrasethecityRomeis______.A.thecityB.RomeC.cityD.thecityRome9.Thephraseontheshelfbelongsto______construction.A.endocentricB.exocentricC.subordinateD.coordinate10.ThesentenceTheywerewantedtoremainquietandnottoexposethemselvesisa_____sentence.A.simpleB.coordinateC.compoundD.complexII.Markthefollowingstatementswith“T”iftheyaretrueor“F”iftheyarefalse.1.Therelationofco-occurrencepartlybelongtosyntagmaticrelations,partlytoparadigmaticrelations.2.Onepropertycoordinationrevealsisthatthereisalimitonthenumberofcoordinatedcategoriesthatcanappearpriortotheconjunction.3.AccordingtoStandardTheoryofChomsky,deepstructurecontainalltheinformationnecessaryforthesemanticinterpretationofsentences.4.InEnglish,theobjectisrecognizedbytracingitsrelationtowordorderandbyinflectionsofpronouns.5.Classesandfunctionsdetermineeachother,butnotinanyone-to-onerelation.6.Usuallynounphrases,verbphrasesandadverbialphrasesbelongtoendocentrictypesofconstriction.7.InEnglishthesubjectusuallyprecedestheverbandthedirectobjectusuallyChapterFourFromWordtoText2013级英语本科2、4班专用LIUMING2/8followstheverb.8.IntheexocentricconstructionJohnkickedtheball,neitherconstituentstandsfortheverb-objectsequence.9.Anounphrasemustcontainanoun,butotherelementsareoptional.10.Inacoordinatesentence,two(ormore)Sconstituentsoccurasdaughtersandco-headsofahigherS.III.Fillineachofthefollowingblankswithanappropriateword.Thefirstletterofthewordisalreadygiven.1.ThesubordinateconstituentsarewordswhichmodifytheHeadsandconsequently,theycanbecalledm____________.2.Johnbelieves(thattheairplanewasinventedbyanIrishman).Thepartinthebracketisac_________clause.3.Inordertoaccountforthecaseofthesubjectinpassivevoice,wehaveanothertwoterms,p____________andn__________.4.Thereisatendencytomakeadistinctionbetweenphraseandw_______,whichisanextensionofwordofaparticularclassbywayofmodificationwithitsmainfeaturesoftheclassunchanged.5.Recursiveness,togetherwitho_______,isgenerallyregardedasthecoreofcreativityoflanguage.6.Traditionally,p_________isseenaspartofastructuralhierarchy,positionedbetweenclauseandword.7.Thecasecategoryisusedintheanalysisofwordclassestoidentitythes______relationshipbetweenwordsinasentence.8.ClausecanbeclassifiesintoFINITEandNON-FINITEclauses,thelatterincludingthetraditionalinfinitivephrase,p__________,andgerundialphrase.9.Genderdisplayssuchcontrastsasmasculine:feminine:n_______.10.Englishgendercontrastcanonlybeobserveding__________andasmallnumberofl__________andtheyaremainlyofthenaturalgendertype.IV.Explainthefollowingconceptsortheories.1.Syntax2.ICanalysis3.Relationofco-occurrence4.Category5.RecursivenessV.MatcheachterminColumnAwithonerelevantiteminColumnB.AB(1)syntacticrelationa.number,genderandcase(2)grammaticalconstructionb.conjoiningandembedding(3)syntacticfunctionc.syntagmaticrelation(4)categoryd.substitutability(5)recusivenesse.coordinationandsubordination(6)positionalrelationf.hypotacticandparatacticrelations(7)associativerelationg.conjunction,ellipsis,referenceChapterFourFromWordtoText2013级英语本科2、4班专用LIUMING3/8(8)sententialconnectionh.subject,predicateandobject(9)cohesionI.finiteandnon-infinite(10)clausej.paradigmaticrelationVI.Answerthefollowingquestion.1.Whatareendocentricconstructionandexocentricconstruction?2.Whatarethebasicfunctionaltermsinsyntax?VII.Essayquestion.1.Explainancommentonthefollowingsentenceaandb.a.Johniseasytoplease.b.Johniseagertoplease.2.Commentonthestatement,“Linguisticstructureishiearchical”I.Markthefollowingstatementswith“T”iftheyaretrueor“F”iftheyarefalse.1.Thesyntacticrulesofanylanguagearefiniteinnumber,buttheyarecapableofyieldinganinfinitenumberofsentences.2.Although,asinglewordcanalsobeutteredasasentence,normallyasentenceconsistsofatleastasubject,itspredicateandanobject.\3.Thesentencesarelinearlystructured,sotheyarecompos