中国养老保险法制化探讨

1(5)(7)(10)(11)(11)(13)(13)(14)(14)(15)(15)(16)(16)(17)1966(17)196680(19)80(20)(20)(23)(25)(26)(29)(29)(31)2(32)(32)(32)(33)(33)(35)(35)3639414445474850505051515253535454555657583AnalysisoftheLegislationofPensionInsuranceinChinaIndexAbstractPreface1.Conceptsandmodelsofpensioninsurance1.1Concepts1.2Models1.2.1Selfinsurancemodel1.2.2Pensioninsuranceinsocialwelfarecountries1.2.3NationalInsurancemodel1.3Financing1.3.1Collectandpay1.3.2Accumulation1.3.3Semi-accumulation2.EvolutionoflegislationofpensioninsuranceinChina2.1Initiatorystage(Early50's-1966)2.2Stagnantstage(1966-early80's)2.3Reformanddevelopmentstage(Early80's-present)2.3.1TheStateCouncil'sdecisiononreformingpensioninsurancesystem2.3.2Intensifyingreformonpensioninsurancesystem2.3.3Nationwideintegratedpensioninsurancesystem2.3.4Exploringpensioninsurancesysteminruralareas3.Pensioninsurancelegislation---problemsandintrospection3.1Problemsinlegislation3.2Introspection3.2.1Lackofoverallplanning,fragmentarysystem,andnumerouslegislativegaps3.2.2MoreadministrativeregulationsthanlegislationbythePeople'sCongress3.2.3Overflowlegislationbylocalgovernment3.2.4Lowlegislationenforceabilityandflabbyexecutivebody4.TrainofthoughtonlegislationofpensioninsuranceinChina4.1Objectiveslegislation4.2Generalprinciples44.2.1Ensuresubsistentrights4.2.2Standardofinsuranceconsistentwiththedevelopmentofeconomy4.2.3Socializedpensioninsurancesystem4.2.4Equitycombineswithefficiency4.2.5Safeguardofbasiclivings4.2.6Policyuniformity4.2.7Individualresponsibilityandriskpooling4.3Propositionsonlegislationofpensioninsurance4.3.1Adjustmenttarget4.3.2Insurancestandard4.3.3Collectionofinsurancefunds4.3.4Socialinsuranceincorporatedwithpersonalaccount4.3.5Pensiontreatment4.3.6Organizationandmanagement4.3.7Managementoffunds4.3.8Legalresponsibilities4.3.9Particularstipulations4.3.10SupplementaryarticlesConcludingremarksReferencesPostscript5678ABSTRACTTheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystemformstheimportantpartofthesocialsecuritysystem,whichhasbeenestablishedonthebasisofthelegislationallovertheworld,withaviewtoprotectingandimprovingthelivingstandardoftheoldpeopleintheperspectiveoflaw.InthePRC,otherthanHongKong,Macao,andTaiwan,theOld-AgePensionandretirementsystemindicatedbytheissuanceofTheRegulationonLaborInsuranceofPeople’sRepublicofChina,haseverbeensetupsinceitsfoundation,especiallyafterimplementingthereformandopenpolicy,Chinahasseenagreatdevelopmentintheaspectofsocialsecuritysystem,andtheframeworkofwhichhasgraduallybeenformulated.Fromabroadandhome,thus,wecouldfindoutthatthedevelopmentoftheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystemisaprocessoflegislation.However,wearedistressedtofindinChinathatitisthelackofthecomprehensivelegalsystemthatresultsinthefragmentaryandfledglingOld-AgePensioninsurancesystem,andfurtheraffectsitscertaintyandenforceability.ThepaperisintendedtomakeaspecificanalysisfromtheperspectiveofthelegislationontheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystem.Thepaperisdividedintofourparts,thefirstofwhichisabouttodeal9withthegeneralconcept,modelsandfundingchannelsoftheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystem.ThesecondpartfocusesontheevolutionanddevelopmentoftheOld-AgePensioninsurancesysteminChina.Asweknow,thesolutioncouldbefoundoutthroughtheanalysisofthepast.ChinahaswitnessedthecircuitousdevelopmentinestablishingtheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystemasthesameofitselfsinceitsfoundation.Thispartisaboutto,fromthestandpointofthespecificsituationsinChina,revealthecluesandkeyproblemsinthecourseofsettinguptheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystem,andregardingtohowitcouldbeperfectlyadaptedtothelegalsystem,somesuggestionwillbetenderedattheendofit.ThethirdpartmainlytreatsofthekeyproblemscomingupduringreformingtheChineseOld-AgePensioninsurancesystem.TheOld-AgePensioninsuranceisasystematicwork.InChina,whiletheoriginalenterprise-basedinsurancehasbrokendown,manyfragmentaryOld-AgePensioninsurancesystems,however,weresetupinseparateprovinces.Ontheotherhand,theregulationconcerningtheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystemonlyprovidedthestate-runandurbancollectiveenterpriseworkers,butnotincludedtheprivateenterprisesones,whichfiercelyblockstheunificationofthelaborforcemarket.Suchlegaluncertaintyinevitablyimpedimentsthehighleveleconomicreform.Basedonsummarizingtheanalysishereinabove,thefourthparttries10tomakeanexploringanalysisoftheorientationfortheOld-AgePensioninsurancesystemlegislationfromtheperspectiveofthepurpose,generalandspecificprinciplesofthelegislation.Furthermore,propositionsonthelegislationofpensioninsuranceinChinaaremade.11801001601199912.61P17-1912601.2610%131953123123124419952GeorgeERejdaSocialInsuranceandEconomicSecurityPretice-HallIncP10-111976315719901441881151116GDP19757.7%198311.7%17182319661951226195311955121P861999191.230019571119582195841605205055515240%70%15%360%75%455010069201966804300……1969219581978197862160%90%80%90%40%80801984198622199163%1991-1993199181992519928199372319931019922340130098.9%55%800080%150095%199321993719931224199519953253??12015?1201510101019976875878.4%235819962611701030570199771672919974%199828%11%1520%?12015271998416%11%198612198719