国际贸易之跨国运输

Xiefy......SIB......SWUFEChapter2.InternationalCargoTransportationFengyanXieXiefy......SIB......SWUFEOutline:1.Featuresofoceantransportation2.ModesofOceanTransportation3.OceantransportFreight4.BillofLading5.OthermodesoftransportationXiefy......SIB......SWUFESection1.FuturesofOceanTransportationAdvantage:•Lowfreightcost•Largecapacity•WidelyconnectedoceanroutesDisadvantage:•Comparativelyslow•Vulnerabletomoretypesofrisk•InefficienttopunctualityXiefy......SIB......SWUFEXiefy......SIB......SWUFESection2.ModesofoceantransportLinerTrampsOceanTransportLiabilityConventionsxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFE2.2.1LinerA.Ideaoflinerliner:avesselwhichsailsonafixedsailingroutes,callsatafixbasicportsatacomparativelyfixedtimetableandchargesatcomparativelyfixedfreightrates.linertransport:transportationserviceprovidedbylinercompanies.xfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEB.Typesoflinersa.Conferencelinersb.Non-conferencelinersDiscussion:Isconferencenecessaryforthedevelopmentoflinertransport?xfyLinerConference:organizationoflinercompaniesforthecoordinationofshippingaffairslikeroutes,basicports,freight,ectXiefy......SIB......SWUFEC.FeaturesoflinershippingWith4“fixed”characterThecarrierisinchargeofloadingandunloadingCarryshipmentsofbigorsmallquantityUsuallyequippedwithnewerandquickervesselsxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFED.ProcessofLinerShippingTheshipperLinerCo.Liner①②③④ShippingOrder(托运单/订舱单）loadingMate’sReceipt（M/R）(大副收据）B/L②M/RxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEXiefy......SIB......SWUFEE.Shippingcontractunderliner—shippingorder+B/LShippingOrder:anofferfromtheshipperbynatureB/L:anacceptancefromthecarrierbynaturePrinciple:Contractiseffectivewhenanofferisaccepted.Xiefy......SIB......SWUFE2.2.2Tramps(charter)A.IdeaoftrampsCharter/tramps/generaltraffic:vesselsoperatedonanon-scheduledbasisandsailwherethecargopresentsitselfB.MaintypesofchartervoyagecharterTimecharterC.Featuresofchartertransport—comparingwithlinertransport:DiscussionxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFED.Shippingcontractundercharter—CharterPartyCharterParty:aformalcontractbetweentheshipperandthecarrierindicatingdetailsofshippingserviceandobligationsofbothparties.Xiefy......SIB......SWUFEContentofcharterparty:CharterPartyOwner’sLiabilityClauseDeviationClausePaymentofFreightLoading/DischargingLaytimeDemurrageLienClauseCancellingClauseBillofLadingBothtoBlameClauseGeneralAverageandNewJasonClauseTaxesandDuesClauseAgencyBrokerageGeneralStrikeClauseGeneralIceClauseLawandArbitration…xfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEE.ProcessofTrampsTransport1.CharterParty2.Loading3.BillofLading4.Transport6.Unloading7.TakeDeliverywithB/L5.PayforB/LShipperCarrierBuyerSellerXiefy......SIB......SWUFEF.RuleofLoadingandUnloadingundertramps①LinerTerms②FreeIn(FI)③FreeOut(FO)④FreeInandOut(FIO)⑤FreeInandOut,StowedandTrimmed(FIOST)p124Xiefy......SIB......SWUFE2.2.3LiabilityconventionsconcerningoceantransportationA.Openingcase:aFrenchcontainerlinerencounteredtyphoonPrapiroononitswayfromShanghaitoNingbo,inwhichmorethan100containersonthelinerdroppedintothesea,causingalotofdamage.ownersofdamagedcargoandinsurerswiththerightofsubrogation,15altogether,institutedcourtactionagainstthecarrierattheShanghaimaritimecourt.Question:howwouldtheplaintiffandthedefendantpleaforthemselvesrespectively?Xiefy......SIB......SWUFEB.ThelistofmajorconventionsInternationalConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesofLawrelatingtoBillofLading(“HAGUERULES”)(InternationalLawAssociation,1924)1968ProtocoltoAmendtheInternationalConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesofLawRelatingtoBillsofLading(Hague-VisbyRules)(ComitéMaritimeInternational，1968)UnitedNationsConventionontheCarriageofGoodsbySea(HamburgRules)(UN,1978)xfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEC.Somerulesofthe3conventionsHagueRHague-VisbyRHamburgRLiabilityscopeTackletotackleTackletotacklePorttoportItemsofdefenses17173LiabilityofcarrierUS$500perpackageUS$666.67...(1968)SDR666.67…(1979)SDR835…..Limitationofactionagainstcarrier1yearafterdeliveryofthegoods1yearafterdeliveryofthegoods,prolongeduponnegotiation2yearafterdeliveryofthegoodsxfyXiefy......SIB......SWUFEMaterial1:The17defensesunderHagueRules:①Act,neglect,ordefaultofthemaster,mariner,pilot,ortheservantsofthecarrierinthenavigationorinthemanagementoftheship.②Fire,unlesscausedbytheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier.③Perils,dangersandaccidentsoftheseaorothernavigablewaters.④ActofGod.⑤Actofwar.⑥Actofpublicenemies.⑦Arrestorrestraintorprinces,rulersorpeople,orseizureunderlegalprocess.Xiefy......SIB......SWUFE⑧Quarantinerestrictions.⑨Actoromissionoftheshipperorownerofthegoods,hisagentorrepresentative.⑩Strikesorlockoutsorstoppageorrestraintoflabourfromwhatevercause,whetherpartialorgeneral.11Riotsandcivilcommotions.12Savingorattemptingtosavelifeorpropertyatsea.13Wastageinbulkorweightoranyotherlossordamagearisingfrominherentdefect,qualityorviceofthegoods.Xiefy......SIB......SWUFE14.Insufficiencyofpacking.15.Insufficiencyorinadequacyofmarks.16.Latentdefectsnotdiscoverablebyduediligence.17.Anyothercausearisingwithouttheactualfaultorprivityofthecarrier,orwit