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当前位置:首页 > 商业/管理/HR > 公司方案 > 材科基实验_显微照相技术及材料显微组织的体视学定量析
1实验名称:显微照相技术及材料显微组织的体视学定量析班级:####学号:#####姓名:##2一实验目的1了解显微照相原理及构造,熟悉基本知识2掌握材料显微组织中给定相的体积分数,粒子的平均截线长度,单位体积内晶界面积等参数的定量试验测估所用体视学基本原理与实际测量方法。二实验原理采用普通光学显微镜、光学硬件接口、数码相机、计算机、应用软件完成相片成型的一系列操作。1、显微照相原理与一般照相相同。照相前必须对放大率作校正。2、图像获取原理:金相照片一般选择500以上像素数码相机来拍照。3、系统特点:1)多人同时观察图像2)图像处理量化3)图像保存信息化和高效率4)金相处理的经济化4、体视学:由对3D结构的截面或投影图观测获得3D结构定量信息或重建3D结构的一门科学分支;是材料组织定量形态学的基础,其中几何概率的应用是体视学的灵魂。金相光学显微镜CCD摄像头视频拷贝机输出图像计算机图像采集卡打印机图像监视器35、图像分析技术:从图像(多为二维)中提取特定数据的技术或方法。金相技术、图像分析技术和体视学三者的有机结合有着广泛的应用前景。因此,金相和图像分析科技工作者应熟悉和掌握体视学和三维图像图形技术的基本原理、方法、操作及其正确运用。6、符号:以P、L、A、S、V、N等表示点、线、平面面积、曲面面积、体积和个数。符号中出现下标时,下标符号表示测量所用的量;而符号本身表示被测量的量。例如:PP:点的百分数,即落在测量对象上的点数除以总点数。LL:线的百分数,即在单位长度测量用线上测量对象占的长度。VV:体积百分数,即在单位体积中测量对象所占的体积。7、测量原理:1)人工计点法测量第二相的体积分数vV用右式计算:PVPV相对标准误差%5为可接受的最终测量结果,所以变异系数可用下式估算,其中P为落在测量对象上的点数。PPPVVPPVV/1/)(/)(22在置信度为95%的置信水平,石墨的相的体积分数为:)(PPVPCPV,其中C的值因测量次数而定。3.2C9)1(;2C40)1(取时取时nn2)人工计点法测量单位体积内相界面积VS,用右式计算:LVPS2相对标准误差%5为可接受的最终测量结果,所以变异系数可用下式估算,其中LP为随机测试线通过被测量的曲面所得的交点密4度。P为测量时测试线与晶界线相交的总点数PPPSSLLVV/2/)(/)(22在置信度为95%的置信水平,单位体积内石墨表面积VS为:)(22LLvPCPS,其中C的值与前面相同。3)平均截线长度LPVVPPSVL/2/43由于3L同时涉及VV、VS两个参量,所以其相对标准误差必大于VV或VS单个测量量的相对标准误差(本实验可不计算该误差)4)根据测定的球墨体积分数估算出球铁平均成分。))1(/(%FeVCVCVVVVtC(不考虑计算带来的误差)。3/62.2cmgrC;3/86.7cmgrFe三实验设备1、样品:磨制抛光但未测蚀的球墨铸铁金样品一块(35号)仪器:目镜待测试网格的金相显微镜2、使用工具:imagetool,EXCEL四实验步骤与相关数据记录1、显微照相技术52、材料显微组织的体视学定量分析1)人工计点法测第二相体积分数将35号球墨铸铁放在显微镜下,调好焦距20*10.40,记录下球磨微粒与网格的交点,由%5/1P可推得至少得测400个点,并根据每次测得的点数决定实验次数。下面表格为记录的数据。落在测试网格点上的球墨个数PP落在测试网格点上的球墨个数PP落在测试网格点上的球墨个数PP落在测试网格点上的球墨个数PP30.083330.083320.055620.055630.08333.50.097230.083370.194420.05566.50.180630.083320.055620.055620.055620.05562.50.06942.50.069430.083310.027820.055600.000040.111140.11111.50.04175.50.152850.138930.083320.05563.50.09725.50.15280.50.013930.083310.027810.02784.50.125060.166730.083330.08331.50.04173.50.097230.08331.50.041740.111130.08332.50.06942.50.069410.027840.11115.50.152820.055650.138930.083320.055620.055640.111160.166740.111140.11111.50.04174.50.12504.50.125010.027860.166710.02787.50.20833.50.097220.055650.138950.138930.083330.083330.08331.50.041730.083340.11112.50.069430.083320.055630.08333.50.097267.50.208330.08334.50.125020.055630.083320.055630.083320.055630.08333.50.097250.138910.02784.50.12503.50.097250.13894.50.125040.111130.08334.50.125050.138920.05560.50.013930.083330.083360.16672.50.06945.50.152840.11113.50.097210.02781.50.041770.19442.50.069430.08334.50.12502.50.069410.027820.055630.083330.083360.166760.166720.055630.083330.083330.083320.055670.194440.111120.055620.05563.50.097240.111160.166760.166750.13893.50.09724.50.125040.11111.50.041710.02786.50.180620.05562)人工计点法测量单位体积内相界面积将该球墨铸铁放在显微镜下,保持焦距20*10.40,用标尺量的网格外边框长度:mmm2000450.0,由%5/2P可推得至少得测800个点,并根据每次测得的点数决定实验次数。实验数据记录结果如下:被测试线穿过的石墨相界交点数LP被测试线穿过的石墨相界交点数LP被测试线穿过的石墨相界交点数LP被测试线穿过的石墨相界交点数LP100.005040.002080.0040100.005020.001060.0030100.0050100.0050140.007080.0040140.00707.50.003840.002080.004011.50.005880.004040.002040.002020.001080.004040.002018.50.009360.0030120.00607140.0070100.0050180.009010.50.00536.50.0033100.005060.003060.003040.002080.004080.004080.004040.002040.0020140.0070100.00504.50.002314.50.0073120.006060.003060.003040.0020100.005060.003060.003012.50.00634.50.002310.50.0053120.0060140.007060.003010.50.005380.0040120.006040.002040.002040.002080.004060.0030100.0050100.00504.50.00236.50.0033110.00556.50.0033120.006080.00408.50.0043120.0060120.006080.00408.50.0043110.0055100.005080.004014.50.0073110.005580.004060.0030160.008080.004080.00406.50.003360.0030100.005080.0040120.0060120.00606.50.0033110.005560.00306.50.003380.004012.50.006340.002060.003080.004060.003080.004060.0030160.0080100.005014.50.0073120.0060100.0050140.007080.0040120.0060100.005080.004060.003060.003080.004080.004090.004520.0010100.0050140.007010.50.005380.0040100.0050100.005040.002040.00204.50.002380.00408.50.004340.002040.0020100.0050100.0050120.0060140.0070120.006060.00306.50.00338140.0070120.006060.0030100.005080.004080.004060.0030100.0050140.007040.0020160.008060.0030100.005020.00108.50.004380.00403)用imagetool处理图片并分析测量体积分数AVAV具体步骤如下:打开imagetool软件,openimage—processing(color-to-grayscale)—manual—analysis(countblack/white)BlackCountWhiteCountBlack%White%Mean90692.7695739.311.5388.47Std.Dev.7889.677889.671.001.009008669634611.4688.549376569266711.9288.088434570208710.7389.279024769618511.4888.529943468699812.6487.368317270326010.5889.429721368921912.3687.649993768649512.7187.299355369287911.9088.10751757112579.5690.44五实验数据处理1、人工计点法测第二相体积分数PvPV由实验原理可知:石墨相的体积分数为)(PPvPCPV,实验步骤2-1)中已具体说明测量次数的确定。2401421Cn,使用EXCEL可以算出PP平均值为:90.0917;单个测量值的标准差为0.0447,共测量143次,0037.01430447.0)(PP即在置信度为95%下)(PPVPCPV)%74.017.9(0074.00917.00037.020917.0VV2)人工计点法测量单位体积内相界面积LVPS2由实验原理得:由实验原理可知:单位体积内石墨表面积VS为:)(22LLvPCPS,实验步骤2)中已具体说明测量次数的确定。2401551Cn,使用EXCEL可以算出LP平均值为:0.0043;单个测量值的标准差为0.0017,共测量156次0001.01560017.0)(LP即在置信度为95%下)(22LLvPCPS)%04.086.0(0004.00086.00001.0220043.02VS3)平均截线长度LPVVPPSVL/2/43由实验原理7-3)并结合之前算出的LPPP平均值可大体算出3256.210086.00917.02/23
本文标题:材科基实验_显微照相技术及材料显微组织的体视学定量析
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