浅谈导入在英语教学中的作用

浅谈导入在英语教学中的活用黄冈市黄州区宝塔中学王秀凤英语教学中的导入，就像一部作品的开头，灵活巧妙的导入，对于引起学生对学习内容的高度关注，激发学生的学习兴趣，启发学生的思维能力，增强教学的吸引力，提高课堂教学效率等都将起到重要作用。在教学实践中，教师应开动脑筋，精心备课，紧扣教材，巧妙设计，使课堂导入新颖别致、易于操作，吸引学生眼球，让学生快速进入教学过程。根据我的体会，在英语教学课堂导入环节上可采用游戏导入，实物导入，任务导入等方式。一、游戏导入，激活教学兴趣是最好的老师。利用游戏导入新课，符合中学生的心理、生理特征和认知结构，能迅速吸引学生的注意力，为一堂课的顺利进行打下良好的基础。采用游戏导入法，首先，活动必须恰当得体，安排周密，可操作性强。教师要灵活操纵大局，活而不乱，活而不俗。其次，要让学生充满期待，满怀激情，积极参与。下面是我教Goforit八年级下册第八单元“Whydon’tyougetherascarf?”一课的作法。该单元能力目标为EnableSstogivesuggestionsandmakecommentsandchoosepropergiftstodifferentpeople.情感和态度目标为GetSstounderstandandreceiveothers’loveandknowhowtoshowandexpresstheirloveandcaretoothersinreturn..策略目标为MakeSsknowhowtotalkaboutgivingsuggestionsandcommentsaccordingtodifferentgifts.教学重、难点为：Howtomakesuggestionsandgivecommentswithtargetlanguage:“Whydon’tyou…？”“Whatabout…?”“Howabout…?”“Whynot…?”以及相应的回答:Ithinkit’sboring(personal,helpful,unusual,popular,special,creative,original,fashionable,beautifulandsoon.)的掌握与运用，针对课型特点，我设计了一个“Guessinggame”来导入新课，一上课我提着一大包东西，高高兴兴地进教室，面带笑容地对学生说:T:Goodmorning,class!Nicetomeetyouagain!Areyouhappytoday?Oh,youarehappy.I’mveryhappy,too.DoyouknowwhyI’msohappy？Canyouguessthereasons?I’msureyoucan.学生们被老师这突入奇来的问题所吸引，因此,注意力一下子被吸引到课堂教学中来，大家情绪高涨，踊跃举手发言，一口气猜出了使老师高兴的种种原因及礼物的名称.S1:Didyoubuyanewskirt？S2:Didyoumakeanewnetpal?S3:Didyoumakemuchmoneyinyoursparetime？S4:Didyoutakepartinyourfriend’sbirthdayparty?S5:Didyoubuyabeautifulcar？S6:Didyoumoveintoanewhouse?S7:Didyoumeetyouroldfriends?S8:WillyouhaveagoodchancetogoabroadduringMayDay?S9:Didyoursongetgoodgrades?S10:Didyourson、yourhusband、yourfriendsoryourstudentsgiveyounicegifts?S11:Didyougobacktoyourhometown?S12:Didyoutraveltosomeinterestingplaces?S13:DidyoursoncomebacktoseeyoufromWuhanUniversity??S14:Didyoursonhaveagirlfriend?S15:Didyougetamilliondollarsinthelottery?...T:I’mverygladyougavemesomanyreasons.Allofthemsoundveryexcellent.Thankyouverymuch.Whatonearthmademesohappy?SoI’dliketotellyoutherealreason.BecauseIreceivedsomenicegiftsfrommyhusband、mysonandmygoodfriendsyesterdayformybirthday.接着我问大家:T：WhatpresentsdidIget?(Sswereveryinterestedintakingpartinthisguessinggamesotheygavemesomanydifferentanswers.)S1:AnEnglishbook?T:Sorry,noEnglishbookhere.S2:Somesweet?T:Yes.(Showingaboxofsweettotheclass)S3:Aphotoalbum?T:Yeah,awonderful,beautifulphotoalbum.(Showingarealphotoalbumtotheclass)S4:Didyougetascarf?T:Yes.Averybeautifulscarf.(Takingitfromtheboxandshowingittotheclass)S5：Apairofsunglasses？T:Yes.Youareveryclever.Theyareveryuseful.(Showingthemtotheclass)S6：Somedeliciousfood?T:Nodeliciousfood。S7:Adress?T:Oh,I’msorryIdidn’tgetthisgift.S8:Maybeabeautifulnecklace?T:Yeah.Abeautifulnecklace.(Showingthenecklacetotheclass)Doyouthinkso?S9：MaybeasmallCD?T:Yes.It’sthesceneryaboutJiuzaigou.（九寨沟）S10:Someflowers?T:Yes,ofcourse.(Showingaredrosetotheclass)Whatdoyouthinkoftheflower?Ss:It’sverybeautiful.T：Verygood.Goon,please!S11；Somechocolate?T:Chocolate?Nochocolate.Nowboysandgirls,lookhere,please.What’sthisinEnglish?S12:Didyougetahairband?T:Sorry,whatapity!S13:Askirt?T:Yes,it’saniceskirt.Doyouthinkit’sverypopular?Ss:Ofcourse.T:Ithinkit’sverybeautifulandit’sveryfashionable.Ss:It’sverycoolandit’sinstyle…这时，我抓住机会，将教学引向深入，带领大家讨论对礼物的评价和理由等。T:Nowadaysyoungwomenlikewearingthiskindofskirts.Theywanttolookyoungerandmuchmorebeautiful.Boysandgirls,ifwewanttodescribesomething,whatwordscanweusetodescribeit?Ss:Beautiful,T:Onebyone,please.Ss:Wonderful,creative,interesting,colorful,useful,meaningful,comfortable,beinstyle,popular,exciting,personal,expensive，personal,original,beautifulandsoon…该活动费时不到20分钟，但在这20分钟内，学生完成了口语练习，重点词汇及关键句型的掌握，在轻松愉快的学习氛围中掌握了知识，激活了课堂,使学生满怀兴趣和期待地投入到以后教学活动的各个环节。接下来，教学活动围绕giftgiving深入进行,我采取pairwork、groupwork讨论、交流、互动、协作、表演等形式,让学生两人一组、三五成群地编对话。使学生在交际中学会运用Targetlanguage:“Whydon’tyou…？”“Whatabout…?”“Howabout…?”“Whynot…?”“You’dbetter…”。让学生充分地发挥想象能力，培养学生自主学习、探究性、协作性学习的能力，同时注意启发学生兴趣，挖潜学生的学习潜能和个人的独创精神，同时注意给予积极的肯定。在以上教学环节中，我通过让学生集体完成：我收到了哪些礼物?你如何评价这些礼物?还有哪些东西可以作为礼物？怎样为不同的人选择恰当的礼物？引导学生围绕本节课的中心话题，积极开动脑筋，相互启发，从而了解更多信息，培养了学生用英语思维，用英语表达的能力，达到了让学生积极参与，独立思考，用英语进行简单交流的目的。二、实物导入，活化教学实物导入，更多地是强调情景教学，活化课堂。为了让学生整体感知所学知识，突出教学重点，突破教学难点，落实基础知识，深入理解教学内容。我通过实物导入，将枯燥的课本内容生动化，情景化。如在教学Goforit!八年级上第七单元Let’smakeamilkshake时，我选择实物导入法。该单元教学目标为:GettheSstolearntodescribeaprocessandfollowinstructions.语言目标为:TogettheinformationfrompicturesandactionsandenableSstodescribetheprocessthemselvescorrectly.通过教学教会学生Howtomakeamilkshake(fruitsalad、sandwichesandsoon)allbythemselves,bycooperativeways.为了使教学过程生动呈现在学生面前，我采用实物引入，通过让学生亲眼感知、亲自动手做奶西、水果沙拉等，使学生身临其境。课前我准备了blender,plate,knife,milk,yogurt,honey,spoon,apples,oranges,pears,bananasandsoon.上课时，我把他们全放在讲台上,根据学生的知识和经验提问。T:Goodmorning,class.Therearesomefruits,somedrinksandsomeotherthingsontheteacher’sdesk.Doyouknowtheirmanes?What’sthisinEnglish?Ss:It'sabanana.接着快速复习其他水果名称：anapple、anorangesoon…T:Youarequiteright。Andwhat’sthis?（出示Targetlanguage中生词所表示的食物，并帮助学生回答It’syogurt….用同样的方法教学milk,blender,honeyandsoon.然后快速对学生进行brainstorming,巩固所学的词汇。）T:OK.Todaywearegoingtolearnhowtomakeamilkshake.Doyouknowwhatamilkshakeis?It’sadrink.Whatshouldwedoifwewanttomakeit,boysandgirls?