智能循迹避障小车设计

毕业设计(论文)-I-摘要自从首个工业智能设施诞生以来，智能设施的发展已经扩展到了包括机器、刻板、电子、冶金、交通、宇航、国防等产业领域。近年来智能设施水平迅速上升，大大的改变了大多数人类的生活方式。在人类的智能化技术不断飞速进步的过程中，能够取代手动的机器人在更加人性化的同时也越来越智能化。本文主要讨论了基于单片机的智能循迹避障小车的设计。智能自动循迹制导系统在驱动电路的基础上，实现自动跟踪汽车导线，而智能避障是使用红外传感器测距系统来实现功能来规避障碍。智能寻光避障小车是一种采用了多种传感器，以单片机为核心，电力马达驱动和自动控制为技术，根据程序预先确定的模式，而不是人工管理来实现避障导航的自动跟踪高新技术。这项技术已广泛应用于智能无人驾驶、智能机器人、全自动工厂等许多领域。这个设计使用STC89C52单片机[1]作为小车的智能核心，使用红外传感器对智能小车跟踪模块识别引导线跟踪，收集模拟信号并将信号转换成为数字信号，使用C语言编写程序，设计的电路结构简单，易于实现，时效性高。关键词：智能化；单片机最小系统；传感器；驱动电路-II-ABSTRACTFromthefirstlevelofindustrialintelligentfacilitiessincebirth,thedevelopmentofintelligentfacilitieshasbeenbroadenedtoincludemachinery,electronics,metallurgy,transportation,aerospace,defenseandotherfields.Intelligentfacilitieslevelrisinginrecentyears,andrapidly,significantlychangedthewaypeoplelive.Peopleintheprocessofthinking,improvement,learningandintelligenceofreplacethemanualmachineismoreandmore.Thispapermainlydiscussestheintelligenttrackingbasedonsinglechipmicrocomputercontrolprocessoftheobstacleavoidancecar.Intelligentautomatictrackingisbasedonthedrivingcircuitoftheguidancesystem,toachieveautomatictrackingcarline;obstacleavoidanceistheuseofinfraredsensorrangingsystemtorealizethefunctiontoevadeobstacles.Intelligenttrackingobstacleavoidancecarisausedifferentsensor,motordriveforpowerandautomaticcontroltechnologytorealizeaccordingtotheprocedurespredeterminedmode,notbyartificialmanagementcanrealizetheautomatictrackingofobstacleavoidancenavigationofhighandnewtechnology.Thetechnologyhasbeenwidelyusedinunmannedintelligentunmannedline,intelligentrobotandsoonmanyfields.Usinginfraredsensorsforcartrackingmoduletoidentifytheguidelinetracking,collectinganalogsignalandconvertsthesignalintodigitalsignal;UsingClanguagetowritetheprogram,thedesignofthecircuitstructureissimple,easytoimplement,timelinessishigh.Keywords:Intelligent;Singlechipmicrocomputerminimumsystem;TheSensor;Drivercircuit-1-目录第1章绪论.............................................................................................11.1智能小车的发展近况与趋势.............................................................11.2课题研究的目的及意义.....................................................................11.3课题研究的主要内容.........................................................................2第2章方案设计.....................................................................................32.1系统概述.............................................................................................32.2硬件模块方案.....................................................................................32.3软件模块方案.....................................................................................5第3章硬件设计.....................................................................................63.1电源模块.............................................................................................63.2核心控制模块.....................................................................................63.3循迹模块.............................................................................................73.4避障模块.............................................................................................83.5无线遥控模块.....................................................................................93.6电机驱动模块...................................................................................103.7拓展模块...........................................................................................13第4章软件模块...................................................................................154.1循迹程序模块...................................................................................154.2避障程序模块...................................................................................164.3无线遥控程序模块...........................................................................174.4寻光拓展程序模块...........................................................................184.5驱动电机程序模块...........................................................................19第5章系统测试与分析.......................................................................205.1硬件调试...........................................................................................205.2软件调试...........................................................................................21总结.........................................................................................................22参考文献：.............................................................................................23附录.........................................................................................................24致谢.........................................................................................................25-1-第1章绪论1.1智能小车的发展近况与趋势1.1.1智能小车的发展近况现阶段智能汽车的发展十分的迅速，从智能玩具到其他各行各业都有实质性的结果[1]。基本可以实现跟踪和避障测试、光学信息存储等日常生活中基本能够涵盖到的功能，智能汽车的电子设计竞赛中的声音控制系统开发以及人工智能化是近几年中一个非常大的侧重点。1.1.2智能小车的发展趋势现今的智能小车的科技含量已经非常的高了，目前在研究和发展阶段的中，各种外部的传感器构成，使得小车能够通过感官系统外部环境的信息采集来进行精密的描绘外部环境的变化[2]。智能循迹小车能根据环境的转变，依靠其本身内置的程序模块知识库，在很多十分复杂多变的场景中依旧能够完成所制定的功能模块，并具有一定的决策和适应能力、自我学习能力和自我组织的能力[3]。为了让智能小车能