浅谈散文翻译的功能对等

浅谈散文翻译的功能对等李婷指导老师评阅人完成日期FunctionalEquivalenceintheTranslationofEnglishLiteraryProsebyLiTingA2007UndergraduateoftheForeignLanguagesDepartment,TaizhouInstituteofScienceandTechnologySupervisor:XuGuixiangMay2,2011声明本人郑重声明：1、坚持以“求实、创新”的科学精神从事研究工作。2、本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作和取得的研究成果。3、本论文中除引文外，所有实验、数据和有关材料均是实的。4、本论文中除引文和致谢的内容外，不包含其他人或其机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。5、其他同志对本研究所做的贡献均已在论文中做了声明并表示了谢意。作者签名：李婷日期：2010年5月4日Thesis:FunctionalequivalenceintheTranslationofEnglishliteraryproseⅠ.BriefIntroductionofLiteraryProseA.ThedefinitionofLiteraryProseGenerally,prose,inthispapercalledliteraryprose,isakindofarticlewhichpayslittleattentiontothelength.AccordingtoWeiJimu,literaryprosetraditionallymeansthat:Viathevividandauthenticdescriptionofobjectivethings,communityaffairsandacertainindividualtoexpressauthor’sfeelingsandthoughtswithvividandbeautifullanguage(韦济木270).Inbroadsense,exceptingthenovels,poems,plays,itincludesallkindsofessays,expositionandargumentation,suchas:politicalcommentshistorycommentsbiographies,travelnotes,letters,diaries,sketch,table,prologueandsoon.Thesearticles,boththecarrierofsentimentandthemodeloflanguageart,havetheveryhighaestheticvalue.Inlong-termcirculatedprocess,theliteraryprosewateredavarietyofagesintheliteraryfield.Innarrowsense,literaryproseislyricprose.Unlikeotherliterarystyle,lyricproseischaracteredbywhatisoneexperienceandundergo,whatisonehearandseeandwhatisonethinkandmeditate.B.Thecharacteristicsofliteraryprose1.ScrambledinappearancebutunitedinspiritThistheoryisputforwardbyXiaoYunruwhichisacknowledgedandspreadextensively.“Scrambledinappearance”denotethatitisnotonlyaeasilymaterial-gettingonebutalsofreeoftimeandspace.Literaryprosefollowsnosetforminthetechniqueofexpression,suchasnarration,description,argumentandexposition.Theauthorisfreetozoominhis/herownway.“Unitedinspirit”refersthatthethemetheauthorwanttoconveyissupposedtobeclearanddefinite.Allwithoutexceptionserveforabetterexpressionofthetheme.2.Bantamlengthandfar-reachingprospectTheauthordrawssupportfromimaginationandassociation,processingfromonetoanother,fromtheshallowtothedeepertocommunicatethetrueemotion.Orrather,literaryproseiscloselyrelatedwithsuchlyricartasbixingandexpressingoneambitionbydescribingnaturalobjects.3.Graceful,conciselanguageandfullofliterarytalent“Graceful”referstothelanguageofliteraryprose,picturesagentlestreamtovoicetheauthor’sgenuinesentiments,andispure,fresh,bright,andbeautiful.“Concise”isquotedforaterse,unadornedandflowlanguagestyleofliteraryprose,which,barelyinanutshell,cantraceoutlivelyimagesandaffectingscenes.Thatistosay,literaryprosestrivestospeakthecircumstancesandrefreshtheemotionsofthereaders.ⅡTheConceptofTranslationEquivalenceA.ThedefinitionoftheTranslationEquivalenceThemostauthorityofthetheoryisNida’s“equivalenceeffecttheory”(等效论),“equivalencetheory”(奈达的等值论),or“functionalequivalence”(功能对等).However,bynomeansdoesNida’s“equivalence”theorydriveatperfectsimilarity.HeandTaberputforwardtheterm“equivalence”in1969andclarifiedasfollows:Thetranslatormuststriveforequivalenceratherthanidentity.Inasensethisisjustanotherwayofemphasizingthereproducingofthemessageratherthantheconversationoftheformoftheutterance(NidaandTaber12).Asfarashecansee,translationwasnotintendtorendereverythingidentity,butratherreproducing“theclosestnaturalequivalencetothesourcelanguagemessage”inthetargetlanguage.TheTranslationequivalencedividedintotwoparts,theminimallevelandthemaximallevel.Theminimallevelofthe“functionalequivalence”showsthat“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletocomprehendittothepointthattheycanconceiveofhowtheoriginalreadersofthetextmusthaveunderstoodandappreciatedit.”Themaximallevelisdefinedas“Thereadersofatranslatedtextshouldbeabletounderstandandappreciateitinessentiallythesamemannerastheoriginalreadersdid”(Nida1993118;1995224).B.ThedevelopmentoftheTheory“Dynamicequivalence”isreader-directedwhenNidadevelopedtwoessentialtypesofequivalenceintranslating:dynamicequivalenceandformalequivalence.Adynamicequivalencetranslationdoesnotwantthereaderstocomprehendtheculturalbackgroundofthesourcelanguageforthesakeofunderstandingthemessage.However,thewordingof“dynamicequivalence”hasoftenbeenmisconceivedbyothertranslatorsasmentionedthat“anythingwhichmighthavespecialimpactandappealforreceptors”(马会娟92),Nidatookthereplaceof“functionalequivalence”,whichmeans“thecommunicativefunctionsoftranslating”.1.Ifaclose,formaltranslationislikelytoresultinamisunderstandingofthedesignativemeaning.Somechangesshouldbeimportedintotheversionofthetranslationortheliterarytranslationmaybereservedandafootnotationexplainingthepossiblemisreadingmustbeappended.2.Ifaclose,formaltranslationmakesnosense,i.e.istotallyobscureindesignativemeaning.Somechangesshouldbeimportedintotheversiononlywhenthesourceversionisdeliberatelyobscure.Inthiscase,thiskindofobscurityissupposedtobereservedandafootnotationexplainingthenatureoftheobscuritymustbeveryhelpfulandonmostoccasionsfullyreasonable.3.Ifaclose,formaltranslationissosemanticallyandsyntacticallydifficultthattheaveragepersonforwhomthetranslationisbeingmad