第1章-机械类专业英语基础

1EnglishforSpecialPurposeInMechanicalEngineering2Introduction1.ContactMethodName：e-mail:MobilPhone：2.Requirement要求1)Don’tbelate/absent2)Don’tsaysorrytome./Keepsilence.3)Openyourmouth.3.Exam30%classperformance+attendancerate70%examScores3Chapter1IntroductionoftheProfessionalEnglish1.WhatisSpecialEnglish?2.WhydowestudyspecialEnglish?3.WhatdoesESPconsistof?4.Howtostudy…?5.GrammarFeatures4Chapter1IntroductionoftheProfessionalEnglish1.WhatisSpecialEnglish?专业英语•EnglishforSpecialPurpose(ESP),•SpecialEnglish,•SpecializedEnglish•Subject-basedEnglish(SBE)普通英语•Englishforcommonpurpose•CommonEnglish•OrdinaryEnglish•CET6：CollegeEnglishTest-6科技英语EnglishforScienceandTechnology(EST)英语专业八级考试(TEM-8):TestforEnglishMajors-Band85Chapter1IntroductionoftheProfessionalEnglish1.WhatisSpecialEnglish?《TEACHINGFOREIGNLANGUAGEFORSPECIFICPURPOSES》：Masteryinforeignlanguagesisconsidered,intoday’sworld,notjustanexcellenttooltobridgegapsbetweenpeoplecomingfromdifferentcountriesandtocreatestrongsentimentalandprofessionalrelationships,butaboveallaninstrumentthatenablesworkerstoconsiderablyimprovetheircareerprospects.Intoday’sworld,knowinghowtousealanguageinspecificcircumstancesandpurposesgivespeopleaverystrongbargainingpower,especiallyinthelabourworld.Whereasuptotwentyorthirtyyearsago,speakingaforeignlanguagewasaveryimportantprerequisiteforjustafew,likemanagersordiplomats,todayithasbecomeoffundamentalimportanceinallprofessionalcircles.Thismeansthattherecanbetwomainobjectivesforteaching/learningforeignlanguages:personalgrowthandprofessionalgrowth.“globalizationoftheworldeconomyrequiresprofessionalsandspecialistsinvariousareastocommunicateeffectivelyinforeignlanguages.Thesuccessisconditionalontheirabilitytomanagelanguageandculturalbarriers,i.e.onthelanguageskillsandcompetenceswithrespecttotheirprofessionalareas”62.WhydowestudyspecialEnglish?EnglishlanguagelearnersrequireEnglishsoastopromotetheireducationalspecialtyortoperformefficientlytheirrolesasscientists，technologists，technicians，etc.英语学习者需要用英语来提升他们的专业水平，或者更有效地扮演他们作为科学家、技术专家或技术人员等的角色AsgeneralEnglishcanhardlymeetsuchneedsasthese，consequently，EnglishforSpecialPurpose(ESP)hasemergedasabranchofEnglishlanguagestudy.因为通用英语几乎不能满足这些要求，所以ESP已经作为英语学习的一个分支而出现。２０世纪６０年代至７０年代，特殊用途英语（ESP）作为一门研究英语语言的学科，开始兴起并很快成为一种普遍趋势。Technician:contact;foreigncompanymaterialfileworker:controlpanel;operatenewmachine/equipmentmanager:meettoforeigncustomer;businessnegotiation,needtoexpressprofessionalwords73.WhatdoesESPconsistof?8ESTexampleA段:Wemadeaholeinacork软木塞andpushedintoitanarrowglasstube.Thenwepushedthisintotheneckofabottlewhichwehadfilledwithcoloredwater.Whenwedidthis,someofthecoloredwaterwentupintothetube.Wemarkedthelevelofthecoloredwaterinthetube.B段:Thenweputthebottleintoapanofhotwater.Afteraholewasmadeinacork,anarrowglasstubewasinsertedandthecorkwasinsertedintotheneckofabottlefilledwithcoloredwater.Ondoingthis,someofthecoloredwaterroseinthetube.Thelevelofthecoloredwaterinthetubewasmarked.Thenthebottlewasplacedintoapanofhotwater.•A段是以普通语言的形式来描述实验的步骤，而B段则具有科技文风。•语态上，A段使用了主动语态，表明实验操作者是we；而B段使用了能客观反映事实的被动语态。•句型上，A段基本上使用了简单句，并用连词then等连接，表明实验顺序；B段却使用时间状语从句和介词短语更清晰地表明了时间顺序。•措辞上，A段使用了普通词汇，如pushedinto，putin等，而B段却用更专业的词汇，如inserted，placed等分别表示“插入”、“放入”之意94.Howtostudy…?1)Overcometopsychologicalfear2)preparation:newwords/textbeforetheclass3)trytoread/translate105.GrammarFeatures1.专业词汇多(1)Themaincomponentsofthelathearetheheadstockandtailstockatoppositeendsofabed,andatoolpostbetweenthemwhichholdsthecuttingtool。车床的主要部件是主轴箱、尾座和刀架,主轴箱与尾座位于床身的两端,用于夹持刀具的刀架置于主轴箱与尾座之间。(2)Thetoleranceshouldnotbesobig.a.此公差不应给这么大。（机械学）b.忍耐力不会有这么大。(关于人体的耐受性)c.抗毒性不会有这么强。（医学(3)Adogdriverstoptherotationofthewheel.狗驾驶员使轮子停转。止动器使轮子停止旋转。115.GrammarFeatures(4)Connecttheblackpigtailwiththedog-house.把黑色的猪尾巴系在狗窝上将黑色的引出线接在高频高压电源屏罩上。(5)Theimportanceofcomputerintheuseofmanufacturingcannotbeoverestimated.计算机在制造业应用上的重要性不能被估计过高。计算机在制造业应用上的重要性怎么估计也不会过高。die:planningPlannerControlCenter,SmokingFree.[机]，【电】【化】【technical】控制中心，严禁吸烟冲压模、凹模，不要望文生意刨削刨床控制中心，吸烟自由125.GrammarFeatures2.被动语态多例1：Itisclearerinmeaning.Eg:Peopleheatthegascarefully.Whoarethesepeople?Thewriter?Thewriterandhisreaders?Alleducatedpeople?Everybody?Alltheseconfusingquestionscanbeavoidedbythepassive:Thegasiscarefullyheated.A)Youmustpayattentiontotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.B)Attentionmustbepaidtotheworkingtemperatureofthemachine.译文：应当注意机器的工作温度。135.GrammarFeatures(2)不需要指出动作的执行者Whenaforceisappliedtoamaterial,itproducesastressinthematerial.(1)强调主语,突出重要性如:Springsareusedascushionstoabsorbshock.Metal-cuttingprocessesareextensivelyusedinthemanufacturingindustry.弹簧被用作吸收振动的缓冲器。usedas用作，usedfor用于当给材料施加力时,就会产生应力。金属切削加工在制造业中得到广泛的应用。145.GrammarFeatures3.非谓语动词多(1)动名词:1)动名词的短语取代状语从句Allbodiesareeitherelasticorplasticandwillbedeformediftheyareacteduponbyforces.2)用动名词短语做主语Conductingelectricitymeanstheflowofelectronsthroughanobject.Allbodiesareeitherelasticorplasticandwillbedeformedifbeingacteduponbyforces.所有的物体不是弹性体就是塑性体，在外力的作用会产生变形。传导电流意味着电子在物体内的流动155.GrammarFeatures3.非谓语动词多(2)分词:分词短语用作定语、状语和独立分词结构，取代关系从句，使句子结构简化。•The