美国文学简史复习资料[1]

1美国文学Part1.ColonialAmericaPhilipFreneau菲利普·弗伦诺1752-1832TheWildHoneysuckle野生的金银花；TheIndianBuryingGround印第安人殡葬地JonathanEdwardsTheFreedomoftheWillTheGreatDoctrineofOriginalSindefendedTheNatureofTrueVirtueBenjaminFranklin本杰明·富兰克林PoorRichard’sAlmanack穷查理历书；TheAutobiography自传Part2.AmericanRomanticismItisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature,theRomanticPeriod,whichstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakofCivilWar.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchbookandendedwithWhitman'sLeaveofGrass.AmericanRomanticismwasinessencetheexpressionofarealnewexperienceandcontainedanalienqualityforthesimplereasonthatthespiritoftheplacewasradicallynewandalien.Anditwasbothimitativeandindependent.WashingtonIrving华盛顿·欧文1783-1859AHistoryofNewYork纽约的历史-----美国人写的第一部诙谐文学杰作；TheSketchBook见闻札记TheLegendofSleepyHollow睡谷的传说-----使之成为美国第一个获得国际声誉的作家；RipVanWinkle-------shortstoryJamesFenimoreCooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀1789-1851TheSpy间谍;ThePioneer拓荒者；;ThePrairie大草原;ThePathfinder探路者;TheDeerslayer杀鹿者Part3.NewEnglandTranscendentalismRalfWaldoEmerson拉尔夫·沃尔多·爱默生1803-1882Essays散文集:Nature论自然-----新英格兰超验主义者的宣言书;TheAmericanScholar论美国学者;HenryDavidThreau亨利·大卫·梭罗1817-1862Wadden,orLifeintheWoods华腾湖或林中生活HenryWadsworthLongfellow·朗费罗AnAprilDay四月的一天/APsalmofLife人生礼物(poem)/PNathanielHawthorne纳撒尼尔·霍桑1804-1864Twice-toldTales尽人皆知的故事;MossesfromanOldManse古屋青苔:YoungGoodmanBrown年轻的古德曼·布朗;TheScarletLetter红字;TheHouseoftheSevenGables有七个尖角阁的房子--------心理若们罗曼史;TheBlithedaleRomance福谷传奇;TheMarbleFaun玉石雕像HermanMelvilleMobyDick/TheWhiteWhale莫比·迪克/白鲸；WaltWhitmanLeavesofGrass草叶集:SongofMyself自我之歌EmilyDickinson；“BecauseIcouldnotstopfordeath”“I＇ｍnobody...”poem2EdgarAllanPoe埃德加·爱伦·坡1809-1849（以诗为诗；永为世人共赏的伟大抒情诗人-----叶芝）TheFalloftheHouseofUsher厄舍古屋的倒塌;AnnabelLee安娜贝尔·李Poem-----歌特风格；首开近代侦探小说先河，又是法国象征主义运动的源头T诗:TheRaven乌鸦;ToHellen致海伦HarrietBeecherStoweUncleTom’sCabin汤姆叔叔的小屋;Part4.TheageofRealismWilliamDeanHowells威廉·狄恩·豪威尔斯TheRiseofSilasLapham赛拉斯·拉帕姆的发迹;AHazardofNowFortunes时来运转;23、HenryJames小说：DaisyMiller苔瑟·米乐；ThePortraitofaLady贵妇人画像；Part5.LocalColorismMarkTwain马克·吐温（SamuelLonghorneClemens）---美国文学的一大里程碑TheGildedAge镀金时代-----------novel;TheAdventuresofHuckleberryFinn哈克贝利·费恩历险记HowtoTellaStory怎样讲故事---对美国早期幽默文学的总结O.Henryshortstory短篇小说TheFourMillion”《四百万》小说集、“TheGiftoftheMagi”《麦琪的礼物》Part6.AmericanNaturalismFrankNorrisTheOctopus章鱼,ThePit小麦交易所);40、JackLondon杰克·伦敦1876-1916TheCalloftheWild野性的呼唤----novel;TheSea-wolf海狼;WhiteFang白獠牙;T;MartinEden马丁·伊登;Part7.The1920sImagismEzraPound艾兹拉·庞德1885-1972美国现代诗歌之父Cathay华夏（英译中国诗TheCantosofEzraPound庞德诗章（109首及8首未完成稿）《InastationoftheMetro》----在地铁站里ThomasStearnsEliotTheWasteLand荒原;名诗：AshWednesday圣灰星期三;FourQuarters四个四重奏RobertFrost罗伯特·弗罗斯特1874-1963AfterApple-picking摘苹果之后)(TheRoadNottaken没有选择的道路)----poem---------StoppingbyWoodsonaSnowyEvening雪夜林畔FScottFitzgerald弗朗西斯·菲茨杰拉德1896-1940(迷惘的一代)TheSideofParadise人间天堂;TheBeautifulandtheDamned美丽的和倒霉;TheGreatGatsby了不起的盖茨比;TenderintheNight夜色温柔3ErnestHemingway欧内斯特·海明威1899-1961（“迷惘的一代”的代表人物）TheSunAlsoRises太阳照样升起;FarewelltoArms永别了，武器;ForWhomtheBellTolls丧钟为谁而鸣WilliamFaulkner威廉·福克纳1897-1962短篇小说：;TheSoundandtheFury愤怒与喧嚣;；Shortstory------ARoseForEmily《给艾米丽小姐的玫瑰》TheodoreDreiser西奥多·德莱塞1871-1945SisterCarrie嘉莉姐妹----Novel;TrilogyofDesire欲望三部曲(Financer金融家,TheTitan巨人,TheStoic);AnAmericanTragedy美国的悲剧（被称为美国最伟大的小说）ArthurMiller;TheDeathofaSalesman推销员--------Play;１．《了不起的盖茨比》表现了“美国梦”的幻灭，这部小说谴责以托姆为代表的美国特权阶级自私专横，为所欲为，以同情的态度描写了盖茨比的悲剧，并指出他的悲剧来自他对生活和爱情的幻想，对上层社会缺乏认识。１．惠特曼是美国著名的民主诗人，他歌颂民主自由，体现了美国人民对民主的渴望，他赞美人民创造性的劳动，他的诗给人以积极向上的生机勃勃的精神。创造了自由体诗，不受格律，韵脚是限制和束缚，人思想和语言自由自在的发挥。1.AmericanPuritanism：AmericanPuritanismwasoneofthemostenduringshapinginfluencesinAmericanthoughtandAmericanliterature.Ithasbecome,tosomeextent,somuchastateofmind,ratherthanasetoftenets,somuchapartofthenationalculturalatmospherethattheAmericansbreathe.Ontheonehand,AmericanPuritanswereallidealistastheirEuropeanbrothers.TheycametothenewcontinentwiththedreamthattheywouldbuiltthenewlandtoanEdenonearth.Ontheotherhand,AmericanPuritansweremorepracticalmaybebecausethesevereconditionstheyfaced.Symbolism（象征主义）lotsofAmericanwriterslikedtoemploysymbolismintheirworks.(typicalwayofPuritanswhothoughtthatallthesimpleobjectsexistingintheworldconnoteddeepmeaning.)Symbolismmeansusingsymbolsinliteraryworks.Thesymbolmeanssomethingrepresentsorstandsforabstractdeepmeaning.２．AmericanRomanticismItisoneofthemostimportantperiodsinthehistoryofAmericanliterature,theRomanticPeriod,whichstretchesfromtheendofthe18thcenturythroughtheoutbreakofCivilWar.ItstartedwiththepublicationofWashingtonIrving'sTheSketchbookandendedwithWhitman'sLeaveofGrass.AmericanRomanticismwasinessencetheexpressionofarealnewexperienceandcontainedanalienqualityforthesimplereasonthatthespiritoftheplacewasradicallynewandalien.Anditwasbothimitativeandindependent３．AmericanRealismInAmericanliterature,theCivilWarbroughttheRomanticPeriodtoanend.TheAgeofRealismcameintoexistence.Itcameasareactionagainstthelieofromanticismandsentimentalism.Realismturnedfromanemphasisonthestrangetowardafaithfulrenderingoftheordinary,asliceoflifeasi