公允价值计量面临全球金融风暴的考验

2008211225(2008JA41),,(,361005),(),,:a.,;b.,;c.,,(,),,2008132133,,;;F23A100926701(2009)0120003208IAS32FinancialInstruments:Presentationpar.11IAS39FairValueMeasurementBC95-BC-104(ThisversionincludesamendmentsresultingfromIFRSsupto31December2006),32,,IAS32,,:,,(3()2009142),157:,(FAS157par.5)IAS32,IAS396982,,43:,,,,IAS3239FAS157,(historicalcost)(currentcost)(replacementcost)(pres2entvalue),(pasttransactionsorevents),(hypotheticaltransactions),(firmcommitment),,(),(,),,,,,,,,,,,,,?,,,,,,?,,(estimativeprice),,,,,FAS157,,,,(,),,,,4(buycalloptioncontractorbuycall),(),()(premium)(),(),,(,),IAS39AppendixAApplicationGuidance2RecognitionandDisrecognition(pars.14-42)AG34initialrecognition(par.14),IFRS2007,1809,()(),,,,1961,Moonitz(TheBasicPostulatesofAccount2ing),,B-22000,FASB7:,,,,,()(FASBConceptNo.7,par.26)()39A(A)B(B)15%,,CU100,0.1%,AB,,ACU1055%:A?3971,,A(CU100)AA(),,?,(),,,?,,,,?,,,,,:,,,,?,(),,,,,,,(fresh2startmeasurementorremeasure2ment,)(fairvaluechanges)(5()20091(RepresentationalFaithfulness),()IAS39ApplicationGuidance2004(IASCF),5522,,1588);,,,:()(),,,,,:,,()(),:,,100,000,,,100,000(),,:,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,:,,,,,,,:,,,,,,(),,,(IASB):6FAS115AccountingforCertainInvestmentsinDebtandEquitySecurities,1993399,2004,1430(),(),,,,,,,?(),,4,147,47,66%,20091%,,,1%-1%,,,,,,?,,,,(,),?,,,,,:,,,1929-1933(TheGreatDepressionyears),206070(attheageofinflation)1929-1933(PresidentCoo2lidge),,,,,(Presi2dentRoosevelt),19331934,SEC,GAAPSEC,,,74206070,11%Rob2ertN.Anthony,SECFASB,SEC;FASB19781,,FAS33,,,,/,(),7()20091,,,(fairvalue),,,,,,,,,,,?,(),()()2008(EmergencyEco2nomicStabilizationActof2008)()132(AuthoritytoSuspendMarket2to2marketAccount2ing)(),132SEC,SEC,1934,(rule)(regulation)(order),()FAS157,,SEC133SECFASB(market2to2marketac2counting)FAS157,6:(1);(2)2008;(3);(4)FASB;(5);(6)FAS157SEC90,(IAF)SECFAS157(dueprocess),,,FASB,FASBFASB:FASB,FASB(IASB)IASB200810,(),,,,,,,,FASBIASB,IASB398,FASBFAS157157-3,(dueprocess),,,,,(),;,,?,(),:,,,(representationalfaithfulness),(essentialcharacteristic),,,,,(,),,(),()()()(),,,,,(,),,,,,,,20081115202008111620(StatementFromG220Summit),1,(StrengtheningTransparencyandAccountability)(,Accountabili2ty,),2009331,,:,,(),(off2balancesheetvehicles),,9()20091()/,(FSF)(,):[1]U.S.FASB.FAS157[R].2006.[2]U.S.FASB.FAS157-3[R].2008.[3]IASB.IAS39[R].2007.[4]IASB.IAS39AppendsApplicationGuidance[R].2007.[5]IASB.IAS39IllustrativeExample[R].2007.[6]U.S.EmergencyEconomicStabilizationActof2008[R].2008.FairValueMeasurementFacingtheChallengeofGlobalFinancialStormGEJia2shu(XiamenUniversity,FujianXiamen361005,China)Abstract:Thispaperdiscussesfairvaluemeasurementthathasbeingfacedwithaveryseriousfinan2cialcrisis.Thepaperrecognizesthatfairvaluemeasurementbringsnewideasinfinancialaccounting.Ifallassetsandliabilitiesaremeasuredatfairvalue(Thatistoapplymarket2to2marketaccounting),finan2cialreportingmaybringthefinancialinformationofbusinessenterprisesatmarketvaluebutnotathistori2calcost.Withrespecttofinancialinstruments,fairvalueisthemost,evenonlyrelevantmeasurementat2tribute.Fairvaluemeasurementreliesonthefollowingthreebasis:a.Itpsinitialrecognitionisnottheactualbuthypotheticaltransactions;b.Asameasurementattributeitisonlyestimativeprice;c.Itpsmeasurementisbasedonmarketbutnotonexchangebetweentwoentities.Itisobviousthatthereliabilityoffinancialinformationmeasuredatfairvaluemustberaisedaqueryifabovebasisareunvailable(e.g.Incaseoffinancialcrisis).Thepaperconcludesthatfairvalueisstillausefulmeasurementattributeoffinancialaccounting,butnowmustbereviewedandmodifiedaccordingtosections132and133ofU.S.EmergencyEconomicStabi2lizationActof2008.Thepaperalsoconcludesthatfinancialaccounting,financialstatementsrecordingandreportinghis2toricaltransactionsbyusinghistoricalcostisthefundamentalmeasurementattributeandotherattributesin2cludingfairvalueareonlysupplement.Accountingwillneverchangeintoestimating.Keywords:fairvalue;market2to2marketaccounting;globalfinancialcrisis01