最全初中英语语法现在完成时解析与练习

1现在完成时态现在完成时态的概念结构形式1表示在过去不确定的时间里发生过或者未发生过的动作对现在产生的响。表示开始于过去的动作最近刚结束.（表示“影响结束”）A现在完成时的肯定句主语（第一、二人称单、复数）+have主语（第三人称单数）+has+过去分词主语（第三人称复数）+haveB现在完成时的否定句主句+have/has+not+过去分词C现在完成时的一般疑问句Have/Has+主语+过去分词D现在完成时的特殊疑问句特殊疑问句+have/has+主语+过去分词2表示过去开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。常与表示一段时间的状语连用。（表示“继续”）现在完成时态1的句型：时间状语：（already，just，ever，never，before，since，yet，once)alreadyjust用于肯定句never/yet用于否定句疑问句ever用于肯定句和疑问句A现在完成时的肯定句IhaveeverboughtlotsofbooksaboutWesterncustoms.HehaseverbeentotheGreatWallalreadyTheyhaveseenthefilmalready.B现在完成时的否定句2TheSamhaveneverbeentoCanadasincethedaytheyleft.Erichasn'tgothisair-ticketsyet.C现在完成时的一般疑问句Haveyoueverreadthemagazines?Yes,Ihave.No,Ihaven't.HashekilledSnowWhiteyet?Yes,hehas.No,hehasn't.D现在完成时的特殊疑问句Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?HowmanytimeshaveyoubeentotheGreatWall?Whichbookhaveyouread?现在完成时态2句型：A表示过去开始，持续到现在，而且还可能继续下去的动作或状态。常和表示一段时间的状语连用。thisweek/monthlatelyinthepastfewdaysthesedayssinceduringthelasttwoweekssincethensince2daysagoSofarforalongtimeuptonowtill/untilnow1I'veknownhimsincemychildhood.2Shehasbeeninthisschoolsince2007.3HehaslivedinBeijingfor3years.34Ihavestayedinthehotelfortwoweekssofar.B表示从过去到现在之间曾经历过的事情。常和以下的词连用。oftennevereveroncetwicesincebeforethreetimesHehasneverillinhislife.IhavebeentotheSummerPalacetwice.Wehavevisitedyourschoolbefore.使用现在完成时态的注意事项A现在完成时与一般过去时现在完成时与一般过去时都表示在过去做的动作，但现在完成时强调这动作与现在的关系，如现在产生的结果、影响等。而一般过去时则只表示过去的事实，不表示和现在的关系。所以，一些表示过去固定时间的状语只能与一般过去时连用，而不能与现在完成时连用。如句中有ago,last或有when引起的问句都不能与完成时连用。现在完成时与一般过去时的区别举例Ihavecleanedmyroomthreedaysago.×Ihavecleanedmyroomthreedaysago.√Ihavevisitedyourschoolbefore.√Iboughtaredcar.(过去时）Ihaveboughtaredcar.(现在完成时态）Bwhen不能和现在完成时连用时连用Whenhaveyouboughttheredcar?×Whendidyoubuytheredcar?√C关于终止性动词4终止性动词（也叫点动词）表示的动作有一个终点，到了终点就不能在延续。因此在现在完成时中，这种动词不能与表示延续的时间状语连用。常用的终止性动词有：(arrivebeginborrowbuycomediegojoinleavelosemarrystop)Dhave/hasbeento与have/hasgoneto1终止性动词与延续性动词用法正误列举I'veleftShanghaifor3days.×I'vebeenawayfromShanghaifor3days.√2终止性动词的否定式如果现在完成时的谓语动词是终止性动词的否定式，则一般可以和表示一段时间的短语连用。因为终止性动词的这种否定构成一种可以持续的状态。Hehasn'tlefthomeforamonth.Ihaven'tseenyouforalongtime.3have/hasbeento与have/hasgonetohave/hasbeento表示“去过某地”是某人的一次经历have/hasgoneto表示去“某地了”，说话时此人已经离开此地，在去某地的路上或已经在某地。Hehasgonetotheparktwice.×Hehasbeentotheparktwice.√Hehasgonetothepark.√现在完成时习题51.Haveyoueatenyourbreakfast?A.YesIhave.B.YesIdo.C.NoI’mnot.2.Lookthelightinhisoffice.I’mafraidhe____hisworkyet.A.dosen’tfinishB.didn’tfinishC.hasn’tfinished3.He____thebikefor10years,butitisstillnew.A.hasboughtB.hasborrowedC.hashad4.I____toBeijingsoIknownothingaboutit.A.don'ttravelB.haven’ttraveledC.won’ttravel5.Lucy____you____yourbook?Notyet.A.did.,findB.have,foundC.has,found6.I____thisbookfortwoweeks,Ihavetoreturnitnow.A.borrowedB.haveborrowC.havekept7.HenryspeaksChinesewell,He____inChinasince2003.A.staysB.stayedC.hasstayed8.Howlong____you____thebike?A.have,boughtB.have,hadC.do,buy9.Mr.Liisn’tathome,He____tothelibrary.A.hasgoneB.hasbeenC.hadgone10.I’msorry,I____yourcomputerforalongtime.Nevermind.A.haveborrowedB.havekeptC.havelent二．根据汉语及句意写单词。61.Hehas_______(旅行)tomanycountriesinEuropesofar.2.Wehave________（看）thefilmbefore.3.Theyhaven’t________（完成）theirhomeworkyet.4.Ihave________（借）thebookfortwoweeks.5.Tomhasjust________（吃）breakfast.三．写出下列动词的过去分词。1.look---2.stop---3.run---4.put---5.do---6.go---7.come---8.cook---9.study---10.dance---四．用括号内动词的适当形式填空。1.Daming________just________(do)hishomework.2.She_________(notsee)thefilmbefore.3.MissGao________(teach)Englishfortenyears.4.We_________already________(be)toBeijingtwice.5._________you_________(make)dumplings?No,never.6.Howmanysongs________you________(learn)sofar?7.Ihearyourfather________(be)toCanadaonce.Yes,He________(go)lastyear.8.They________just________(leave)thefarm’9.________you________(see)atiger?Yes.Ihave.When________you________(see)it?LastSunday.10.You________(notfind)yourbook,haven’tyou?五．改错（找出一处错误并改正）。71.Daminghasn’thadbreakfastthismorning.________________________________.2.TheyhavebeentoDalianago._________________________________.3.XiaoLiisn’there.HehasbeentoBeijing._________________________________.4.DidyoutravelledtoTianshanmountainbefore?_____________________________.5.Martinwithhisparentshavegonetothelibrary.Sotheyaren’tathome._______________________________.六．连词成句。1.hasahecarbought.________________________________________________.2.longyoulearnthowhaveEnglish._________________________________________________?3.haven’ttheyetweworkfinished._________________________________________________.4.everyoubeenhavethere._________________________________________________?5.sofarhastwothousandhecollectedstamps.__________________________________________________.七．句型转换。1.Hehasbeentothelibrarytwice.（划线提问）________________________hebeentothelibrary?82．ShehasbeentoBeijingbefore.（划线提问）Where______she______before?3．Haveyoueverstudiedwithyourfriends?（肯定句）__________________.4．Meimeihashadthejobforayear.（划线提问）__________________Meimeihadthejob?5．It’sfiveyearssincehebecameafootballplayer.（同义句）He____________afootballplayerforfiveyears.6．IhavebeentomanyplacesinAmerica.(改一般问句)_______