毕业论文实验在物理教学中的应用

目录摘要...............................................................................................................................1Abstract..........................................................................................................................1前言...............................................................................................................................21.实验在中学物理教学中的作用...............................................................................51.1实验丰富学生的感性认识，开阔眼界......................................................51.2实验创设教学情景，激发兴趣，提高效率..............................................61.3实验培养学生的创新意识和能力................................................................71.4实验培养学生的各种能力..............................................................................81.4.1实验培养观察能力.............................................................................81.4.2实验培养学生的动手能力..................................................................91.4.3培养学生想象能力、逻辑推理能力和归纳总计能力......................91.4.4实验培养学生合作探究性的学习的能力..........................................91.3.5实验培养学生的科学态度和优良品德............................................101.3.6实验给学生创造成功的机会，增强学生的自信心........................102.新课标实验教学改革.............................................................................................112.1转变教学观念...............................................................................................112.2重视实验教学目标的实施...........................................................................112.2.1确定实验教学指导思想....................................................................112.2.2探索改革实验教学模式....................................................................122.2.3改革实验考试方法............................................................................122.2.4开展丰富多彩的第二课堂活动........................................................122.2.5实现两方面的保证............................................................................132.3改进实验操作方法，培养创新能力...........................................................132.4提高教师自身素质.......................................................................................142.5改课堂演示为学生实验，培养操作能力...................................................142.6改验证实验为探究，培养探究能力...........................................................162.7强化实验过程指导，培养科研方法...........................................................162.8运用媒体技术辅助，提高实验效果...........................................................172.9开发课外家庭实验，发挥实验功能...........................................................173.总结.........................................................................................................................17参考文献：.................................................................................................................18致谢.............................................................................................................................191摘要：物理是一门以实验为基础的学科，实验在物理教学中具有重要意义。实验教学既是物理知识教学的基础,也是物理课堂教学中实施素质教育的一种主要渠道和有效手段[1]。它可以提高学生的观察能力、动手实验操作能力等各种能力，有效发挥学生的主观能动性，激发学生思维，培养学生的思维创造能力。通过近几年新课标改革的教学摸索,认为要在新课程理念下真正培养学生的观察、想象、思维和创新等能力,其中加强学科实验的教学是最有效的教学手段之一[2]。因此实验教学在物理教学中具有重要意义。审视初中物理新课程实验教学，通常的步骤是：实验前教师明确讲清有关的知识点，将实验方案和步骤以及注意事项明确地教给学生，再进行演示实验或分组实验，然后再把实验现象、结果与所讲授的新知识作对应比较，最后由教师或学生做概括总结。这样的实验教学不利于培养学生创新能力。如果能在实验教学中采用边学边实验，大胆对实验方法进行改革，强化实验教学的探究性，运用多媒体辅助实验教学，充分发挥实验的教育功能，是一条有效的改革途径[3]。关键词：物理实验，实验教学的意义，新课程实验教学改革Abstract:Physicsisasubjectbasedonexperiment;theexperimenthasanimportantsignificanceintheteachingofphysics.Itcanbeallkindsofimprovingthestudents'abilityofobservationability,experimentability,effectiveplaytostudents'subjectiveinitiative,stimulatestudents'thinking,andcultivatestudentscreativethinkingability.Explorationinrecentyearsthroughthenewcurriculumreformofteaching,thinktocultivatethestudent'sobservation,imagination,thinkingandinnovationunderthenewcurriculumideaandability,whichstrengthenthesubjectexperimentalteachingisoneofthemosteffectivemeansofteaching.Therefore,theexperimentalteachingisofgreatsignificance2intheteachingofphysics.Lookatthejuniormiddleschoolphysicsnewcurriculumexperimentalteaching,theusualprocedureis:beforetheexperimentteachersexplicitlytelltherelatedknowledge,theexperimentalschemeandstepsandmattersneedingattentiontoexplicitlyteachthestudents,thenthedemonstrationexperimentorgroupingexperiment,andthenthenewknowledge,theexperimentalphenomenaandtheteachingasthecorrespondingcomparison,andfinallybytheteachersorstudentsdosummary.Experimentalteachingthatisnotconducivetothecultivationofstudents'innovationability.Ifthestudyingexperimentinexperimentteaching,boldtoreformtheexperimentalmethods,strengtheningofinquiryexperimentteaching,experimentaluseofmultimediaassistedteaching,givefullplaytotheeducationalfunctionofexperiment,itisaneffectivewayofreform.Keywords:physicsexperiment;experimentteaching;experimentteachingunderthenewcurriculumreform前言：物理学是一门以实验为基础的学科，物理实验既是物理教学的重要基础,又是物理教学的重要内容、方法和手段,也是培养学生创新、创造能力等的各种能力有效途径。实验在中学物理教学中起到了能创设情景、激发兴趣、提高学习效率、帮助学生掌握科学研究的方法，还能培养学生的创新意识，培养学生的科学态度和科学作风，培养学生的各种能力[4]。然而，由于过去长期受到