有机化学课后习题答案南开大学版3烯烃

1第三章烯烃1.给出下列化合物的构型式。（1）异丁烯（2）(Z)-3-甲基-4-异丙基-3-庚烯CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CH2C=CCHCH3CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3（3）(Z)-3-chloro-4-methyl-3-hexene（4）2,4,4-trimethyl-2-penteneCH3CH2C=CCH2CH3CH3ClCH3C=CHCCH3CH3CH3CH3（5）trans-3,4-dimethyl-3-hexeneCH3CH2C=CCH2CH3CH3CH32、用英汉对照命名下列化合物C=CHCH2CH2CH3CH3CH2(CH3)2CH(1)(2)(CH3)3CCH=CH2(Z)-2-甲基-3-乙基-3-庚烯;(E)-2-甲基-1-氯-2-丁烯;(Z)-3-ethyl-2-methyl-3-heptene(E)-1-chloro-2-methyl-2-buteneC=CCH3CH2ClCH3H(3)(4)CH3CH2C=CHCH2CH2CH3H3,3-二甲基-1-丁烯(Z)-3-庚烯;3,3-dimethyl-2-butene(Z)-3-heptene3、写出异丁烯与下列试剂反应的产物:(1)CH3C=CH2CH3H2/NiCH3CHCH3CH3异丁烷(2)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CCH2ClCH3ClCl22-甲基-1,2-二氯丙烷2-甲基-1,2-二溴丙烷(3)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CCH2BrCH3BrBr22-甲基-1,2-二碘丙烷(4)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CCH2ICH3II222-甲基-2-溴丙烷(5)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CCH3CH3BrHBr2-甲基-1-溴丙烷(6)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH2BrCH3HBrROOR2-甲基-2-碘丙烷(7)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3IHI2-甲基-2-碘丙烷(8)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3IHIROOR(9)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3OSO3HH2SO4叔丁氧磺酸叔丁醇(10)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH3CH3OHH2O,H+2-甲基-1-溴-2-丙醇(11)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH2BrCH3OHBr2,H2O2-甲基-1-溴-2-丙醇+CH3CHCH2BrCH3I(12)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH2BrCH3OHBr2,NaI+CH3CHCH2BrCH3BrH2O2-甲基-1-溴-2-碘丙烷2-甲基-1,2-二溴丙烷(13)CH3C=CH2CH3+O3Zn/H2OHCHOCH3CCH3O甲醛丙酮(14)CH3C=CH2CH3RCO3HCH3CCH2OCH3环氧异丁烷2-甲基-1,2-二丙醇(15)CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CHCH2OHCH3OH冷，碱性KMnO4丙酮(16)CH3C=CH2CH3+KMnO4热的CO2CH3CCH3O4、写出溴和丙烯加成反应的能量-反应进程图35、3,3,3-三氯丙烯和HCl加成时生成CF3CH2CH2Cl，为什么反应不服从马氏规则？答：由于—CF3的强吸电子作用，反应的中间体为：CF3CH=CH2+H+CF3CH2CH2+CF3CHCH3+(A)(B)（A）比（B）稳定，所以主要产物为CF3CH2CH2Cl6、A的结构为：CH3CH2C=CCH3CH3CH3C=CHCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3HCH3CH2C=CCH3CH3CH3BC7.A为:及其顺反异构体CH3CH2C=CHCH3CH3CH28、比较下列各组烯烃与硫酸的加成活性:(1)乙烯溴乙烯；(2)丙烯≈2-丁烯；(3)氯乙烯1,2-二氯乙烯；(4)乙烯CH2=CHCOOH；(5)2-丁烯异丁烯.2+ROORCCl3Cl3CHCCl39.ROROROH++A.B.CH2=CH(CH2)5CH3CH2=C(CH2)4CH3CH3Cl3CCH2CHCH2(CH2)4CH3Cl3CCH2CCH2(CH2)3CH3CH3HCCl3Cl3CCH2CH2CH2(CH2)4CH3Cl3CCH2CHCH2(CH2)3CH3CH3反应B比A快，因为自由基加成中生成的中间体B比A更稳定。Cl2hvCH3CH=CH2CH2CHCH2BrBrClCH2CH=CH2ClBr210.11、用实验室方法合成下列化合物(1)由乙烷合成乙烯:4NaOHCH3CH3Cl2hvCH3CH2Cl醇CH2=CH2(2)由丙烷合成丙烯:NaOH+CH3CH2CH3Cl2hvCH3CHCH3ClCH3CH2CH2Cl醇CH3CH=CH2(3)由丙烷合成1,2-二溴丙烷:CH3CH=CH2CH3CHCH2BrBrBr2(4)由丙烷合成1-溴丙烷:CH3CH=CH2HBrROORCH3CH2CH2Br(5)由2-溴丙烷合成1-溴丙烷:CH3CH2CH2BrHBrROORNaOHCH3CHCH3Br醇CH3CH=CH2(6)由1-碘丙烷合成1-氯-2-丙醇:NaOHCH3CHCH2ClOHCl2CH3CH2CH2I醇CH3CH=CH2H2O(7)由丙烷合成异丙醇:CH3CH2CH3NaOHCl2hvCH3CHCH3Cl醇CH3CH=CH2CH3CHCH3OHH2OH2SO4(8)由正丁醇合成2-碘丁烷CH3CH2CH2CH2OHH+HICH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CHCH3I(9)由2-甲基-2-戊醇合成异己烷:CH3CCH2CH2CH3OHCH3CH3C=CHCH2CH3CH3H+H2/NiCH3CHCH2CH2CH3CH3(10)由3-氯-2,2-二甲基丁烷合成2,2-二甲基丁烷NaOH醇CH3CHClCCH3CH3CH3CH2=CHCCH3CH3CH3H2/NiCH3CH2CCH3CH3CH3（11）由2-丙醇合成正丙醇CH3CHCH3OHCH3CH=CH2H+CH3CH2CH2OHB2H6H2O2/OH-+CH3C=CH2CH3H+CH3CHCH3CH3+CH3C=CH2CH3CH3CCH2CCH3CH3CH3CH3+(CH3)3CHCH3CCH2CHCH3CH3CH3CH3CH3CCH3CH3+12.