有机化学课后习题答案南开大学版4炔烃和二烯烃

1第四章炔烃和二烯烃1.（3）（4）为共轭化合物。(1)CH3C=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2HHC=CHCH2CH2CH=CH2CH3顺-1,5-庚二烯反-1,5-庚二烯(2)CH3C=CHCH2CHCHHC=CHCH2CCH3CH顺-4-己烯-1-炔反--4-己烯-1-炔(3)CH3C=CHC=CHCH3HH3CCH3C=CC=CHHCH3H3CH(2Z,4E)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯(2E,4E)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯CH3C=CC=CHCH3HH3CHCH3C=CHC=CHHCH3H3C(2Z,4Z)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯(2E,4Z)-3-甲基-2,4-己二烯2、下列化合物与1mol溴反应生成的主要产物是什么？(1)(2)CH3CBrCH3CHCH2CH=CH2BrCH3CHCHCH2CCHBrBr(3)CH3CH=CHCHBrCH2BrCH3CHCH=CHCH2BrBr(4)CH3CH=CHCH=CHCHCH2BrBrCH3CH=CHCHCH=CHCH2BrBrCH3CHCH=CHCH=CHCH2BrBr(5)CH2CCH=CH2CH3BrBrCH2C=CHCH2CH3BrBr3、写出下列化合物的构造式或命名：(1)(2)CCHCH2CHCH2CH3HCCH3CH3CCH2CH2CH3CH3C(3)(4)2-仲丁基-1-戊烯-3-炔CCH2=CHCCH=CH22(6)(5)4,7-二甲基-6-乙基-4-辛烯-2-炔CH3C=CC(CH3)3C=CHHCH3H4.用反应式表示1-丁炔与下列试剂的反应：(2)(1)(3)CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH2C=CHBrBr(6)(5)(4)CH3CH2CBrBrCHBrBrCH3CH2C=CH2ClCH3CH2CCH3ClCl(8)(7)(9)CH3CH2CCH3OCAgCH3CH2CCNaCH3CH2C(12)(11)(10)CCH2CH3CH3CH2CCH3CH2COOHCO2+CH3CH2COOHCO2+5.用1,3-丁二烯代替1-丁炔进行反应:+(2)(1)CH3CH2CH=CH2CH3CH2CH2CH3CH3CH=CHCH3+(3)CH3CH2C=CHBrBrCH2CH=CHCH2BrBr(4)CH2CHCHCH2BrBrBrBr++CH3CHCH2CH2ClCl(6)(5)CH3CHCH=CH2ClCH3CH=CHCH2ClCH3CHClCHClCH3（7）（8）（9）（10）不反应(12)(11)+CO2+HCHOOHCCHOHOOCCOOH6.（1）乙炔氢化到乙烯的△H=314-137=177kJ/mol。（2）炔烃相对于烯烃的稳定性比烯烃相对于烷烃的稳定性好，甲基自由基加到乙炔比加到乙烯上慢，因为后者形成的中间体（自由基）稳定性好。（3）自由基的稳定性更重要。7.（1）写出下列化合物的共振式：a.CH2=CHCH=OCH2CH=CHOb.CH3OCH=CH2CH3O=CHCH2（2）b与溴化氢加成的主要产物为：CH3OCHCH3Br3CH3CCCH3CH2CH28.A:CH3C=CCH3CH3CH3(1)(2)CCH2CH3CH3C9.(3)CH3C=CHC=CH2CH3CH3CH3C=CCH=CH2CH3CH3或(4)或10.正戊烷2-戊烯1,3-戊二烯1-戊炔不褪色褪色褪色褪色无沉淀无沉淀沉淀Br2/CCl4Ag(NH3)2+OOO苯无沉淀沉淀11.完成下列转化：(1)CH3CCHHClCH3C=CH2ClCH3CCH3ClIHI(2)CH3CCHCH3CH=CH2KOHNaNH2CH3CH2CH2CH2BrBr2Lindlar/H2Na/NH3(l)CH3CHCH2BrBr醇CH3CC-Na+CH3CCCH2CH2CH2CH3CH3C=CHCH2CH2CH3HHC=CHCH2CH2CH3CH3(3)CH3CH2CCHHgSO4H2SO4+H2OCH3CH2CCH3O12.(1)CH2=CH(CH2)5CH3NBSHBrCH2=CHCH(CH2)4CH3CH2CH=CH(CH2)4CH3自由基加成的中间体为乙烯基型的自由基，产生p-π共轭效应，电子离域形成一对较稳定的共振杂化体，因而既可以得到3-溴-1-辛烯，也得到1-溴-2-辛烯(2)BrCH2CH=CH2CH2=CHCH2Br1313或