新概念第一册部分语法及相关练习题

新概念第一册部分语法1.问句：一般疑问句，特殊疑问句，选择疑问句，反意疑问句，选择疑问句，否定疑问句1）一般疑问句：助动词/be动词+主语Areyouateacher?Doyouwanttohaveacupoftea?2）特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句Whatisyourname?3）选择疑问句：orDoyouwantbeeforlamb?4）反意疑问句：肯定陈述句+否定疑问部分，否定陈述部分+肯定疑问部分Youdon’tneedthatpen,doyou?5）否定疑问句：一般疑问句+否定词Aren’tyoulucky?Don’tyouwanthavearest?2.现在完成时1）构成：主语+助动词have,has+过去分词2）用法：①表示过去发生的和现在有某种联系的动作，常和just,usually,already,since等时间副词连用Ihavejusthadlunch.（饱了，不用再吃了）Hehashadacupoftea.（不渴了，不用再喝）Theyhavealreadyhadtheirholiday.（不能再度假了）Theboyhasalreadyreadthebook.（已经知道书的内容了，不用再看了）②询问别人是否做过某事一般用现在完成时：Haveyoufinishedyourhomework?///HaveyoubeentoBeijing?///Haveheseenthefilm?③表示开始于过去并持续到现在的动作IhavelivedinBeijingfortwentyyears.///Ihaveworkedforthisschoolfor1year.④表示一种经历，经验：去过…地方，做过…事情，经历过…事情Ihaveneverhadabath.///Ihaveneverseenafilm.Ihaveneverbeentocinema.///IhaveeverbeentoParis.注：Havebeento表示去过，havegoneto表示去了IhavebeentoLondon.（人已经回来）//////HehasgonetoLondon.（人还在那里）⑤表示一种结果，一般不和时间副词联用Ihavelostmypen.///Ihavehurtmyself.Hehasbecomeateacher.///Shehasbrokenmyheart.3）句型变化：★变疑问句将助动词移到句首，变否定句在助动词后面加not.e.g.Haveyoulostyourpen?Ihavenotlostmypen.★肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,Ihave.No,Ihavenot.★特殊疑问句：Whathaveyoudone?///Whathashedone?一般过去时与现在完成时的区别：凡是有明确的表示过去的时间状语的句子为过去时3.过去完成时：1）用法：在过去的时间里，两个动作中，发生在前的哪个动作要用过去完成时。2）结构：had+过去分词Aftershehadfinishedherhomework,shewentshopping.TheyhadsoldthecarbeforeIaskedtheprice.ThetrainhadleftbeforeIarrivedatthestation.After/before引导的时间状语从句放在句首要在句子后面加逗号，如果放在主句后则不用加。3）句型变化：①变疑问句将助动词移到句首：Hadshefinishedherhomework?②变否定句在助动词后面加not：Shehadn’tfinishedherhomework.③肯定回答及否定回答：Yes,shehad.No,shehadn’t.④特殊疑问句：Whathadshedone?4情态动词的使用：can,must,may,might,need,1）情态动词can（能够），must（必须），may（可以）结构：主语+can/must/may+动词原型Hecanmakethetea.Sallycanairtheroom.WecanspeakEnglish.★变疑问句将情态动词移到句首Canhemakethetea?CanSallyairtheroom?CanwespeakEnglish?★变否定句在情态动词后面加notHecannotmakethetea.Sallycannotairtheroom.WecannotspeakEnglish.★肯定回答及否定回答Yes,hecan.No,hecannot.Yes,shecan.No,shecannot.Yes,wecan.No,wecannot.★特殊疑问句：Whatcanyoudo?注意：情态动词的句子没有第三人称单数的变化，不要在情态动词或动词后面加S。2）Must/haveto的区别must表示必须，是主观上觉得应该做，haveto是不得不，是由于客观条件逼迫的必要要做must只能用在表示现在和将来的句子里，而havetodo可以用在任何时态3）must,may,might表示猜测：·mustdo表示对现在事实的猜测·musthavedone表示对过去事实的猜测·musthavebeendoing表示对过去正在进行的事实的猜测·may/mightdo,may/mighthavedone表示没有任何事实依据的猜测，might的可能性更小。5·can’t/couldn’t表示不可能练习题现在完成时练习一、按要求改变句型1.Hehasheardthatbefore.(改为否定句)2.TheretiredpeoplehaveclimbedMountXiangmanytimes.(改为否定句)3.Davidhasalreadybookedthetheatre.(改为否定句)4.SteveandCarolhavegonetoItaly.(改为否定句)5.Ihavehadmylunchalready.(改为疑问句)6.TwoofthescientistshavebeentotheNorthPole.(改为疑问句)7.IhavetaughtEnglishinthemiddleschoolsince1980.(改为疑问句)8.Theyhavefoundajobalready.(改为疑问句)9.TheSmithshavehadaholidaysinceChristmas.(对划线部分提问)10.ThefamoussingershavegonetoGreecetohaveameeting.(对划线部分提问)11.LiMinghasreceivedtheinvitationalready.(对划线部分提问)12.Jimhasforgothowtoplaycards.(对划线部分提问)二、用括号中动词的适当形式填空1.Everystudent________(see)theprogramalready.2.KentandI________(write)poemsbefore.3.Dick________(do)theworkthesedays.4.Thepeoplelivinginthemountains________never________(see)films.5.Patty________(buy)amagazineabouttheschoollife.6.Theactress________(live)hereallherlife.7.Theglassisbroken.Who________(break)thisglass?8.Finallytheworkers________(finish)thatjob.9.________you________(borrow)thebookwetalkedabutlasttime?10.There’snomorewineinthebottle.They________(drink)allofit.11.Tom________(leave)amessageforyou.He________(call)lastnight.12.I________(see)themovieoncebefore.I________(love)italot.13.A:________(you/hear)thenews?B:yes,I________A:Who________(tell)youthenews?B:LiMing________(do)A:When________(he/tell)you?B:Twohoursago.三.改错1.Whathaveyoudonelastnight?2.HeknewDoctorWangsincethirtyyearsago.3.Kitehashurthisleg,butit’sOKnow.4.Iworkhereforovertenyears.5.Thechairmanhasgonetomanycountriesinhislife.6.Wherehaveyouborrowedthatdictionary?7.I’veseentheplayalready.Haveyouseenitalready?8.Didyouseeyoursistercarriesallthebaggagetothestation?9.Mybrotherhasboughtausedcar,butthenhesoldit.10.HermotherhasgonetoEuropelastseason.四、选择填空()1.——Haveyoutravelledonthetrain.——Yes,Ihave.(A)never(B)ever(C)just(D)yet()2.——Haveyoufinishedyourhomework——Not.(A)ever(B)already(C)yet(D)just()3.Wehaven'tfinishedourhomework.(A)already(B)ever(C)yet(D)never()4.——HaveyoulearnedEnglish?——Yes,I'velearnedalot.(A)never,ever(B)ever,never(C)ever,already(D)already.ever()5.——Haveyoufinihedyourhomework?——Yes,I'vedonethat(A)yet,already(B)already,yet(C)ever,never(D)still,just()6.John'sfatherborrowedsomepictures(A)havealready（B)hasjust(C)haveever(D)hasyet()7.Hefinishedhishomeworkyet(A)doesn’t(B)haven’t(C)hasn’t(D)doesn’thave()8.I'vebeenlikethiseversnice(A)lastweek(B)foraweek(C)aweekbefore(D)thelastweek()9.Mymotherhasworkedinthisfactory2years.(A)about(B)for(C)in(D)since()10.Ihaven'theardfromhimlastweek.(A)since(B)for(C)ago(D)before()11.Hisfatherjoinedtheparty_________(A)forthreeyears(B)sincethreeyearsago(C)threeyearsago(D)intwoyears'time()12.MrGreenisn'tintheoffice,Hetothelibrary(A)hasgone(B)went(C)hasbeen(D)willgo()13.MrsmithtoTokyoandhewillbebackinaweek(A)hasbeen(B)hasvisited(C)hassent(D)hasgone