基于单片机的水质监测系统的设计

皖西学院本科毕业设计-I-基于单片机的水质监测系统的设计作者薛松林指导教师张仲义摘要:现在水源污染已经成了社会密切关注的话题，所以对水质进行监测成了保护水资源的一项重要措施，基于此本文设计了一款能够有效监测水质的系统。对于水质的监测主要是监测水中自由离子浓度和水的浑浊度。设计的方案是基于单AT89C51单片机，对水源进行采集，再通过传感器对采集到的水源进行处理产生模拟信号，之后再通过模拟信号转变成数字信号转换器（A/D转换器），转变之后的信号传送给单片机，单片机接收到信号之后进行处理后再显示模块进行显示。通过本设计可以有效地得出水中浑浊度、自由离子浓度，从而判断水的污染情况！在本设计中，系统地介绍了水质监测的原理、硬件的结构、工作原理及其使用和各部分功能电路的设计。关键词:水质监测、AT89C51单片机、数据采集、A/D转换、水中自由离子浓度、浑浊度、传感器皖西学院本科毕业设计-II-Waterqualitymonitoringsystembasedonsinglechipdesignabstract:nowwaterpollutionhasbecomeasocialtopicclosely,sothewaterqualitymonitoringhasbecomeanimportantmeasurestoprotectwater,Idesignedamodelbasedoneffectivemonitoringofwaterqualitysystem.Monitoringforwaterqualitymonitoringismainlyfreeionconcentrationinwaterandtheturbidityofwater.DesignschemeisbasedonsingleAT89C51,theacquisitionofwaterandwatersupplywerecollectedbysensorstoproduceanalogsignalprocessing,andthenthroughtheanalogsignalintodigitalsignalconverter(A/Dconverter),afterthechangeofsignalistransmittedtoMCU,MCUreceivesthesignalafterprocessedbeforedisplaymoduledisplay.Throughthisdesigncaneffectivelydrawthewaterturbidity,freeionconcentration,tojudgethewaterpollutionsituation!Inthisdesign,systematicallyintroducestheprincipleofwaterqualitymonitoring,thehardwarestructure,workingprincipleanditsusageandfunctioncircuitdesignofeachpartKeywords:waterqualitymonitoring,AT89C51singlechipmicrocomputer,dataacquisition,A/Dconversion,freeionconcentrationinwater,turbidity,sensors皖西学院本科毕业设计目录1.绪论...........................................................................................................................................11.1我国水质监测背景.......................................................................................................11.2国内水质监测技术的现状...........................................................................................11.3水质监测的意义...........................................................................................................21.4水质监测的监测指标...................................................................................................22水质监测的方法和原理...........................................................................................................42.1水中自由离子浓度与水的导电率的相互关系...........................................................42.2水的浑浊度的监测原理...............................................................................................43水质监测系统的硬件设计.......................................................................................................53.1单片机的选择...............................................................................................................53.1.1单片机介绍.........................................................................................................53.1.2单片机的最小系统............................................................................................73.2复位电路和晶振电路...................................................................................................83.3显示电路设计...............................................................................................................93.4传感器的选择.............................................................................................................113.5A/D转换...................................................................................................................124水质监测系统的软件设计....................................................................................................144.1C语言的特点和程序结构..........................................................................................144.2水质监测主程序流程图..............................................................................................154.3ADC0832数据读取程序流程.....................................................................................16总结............................................................................................................................................17附录............................................................................................................................................181自由离子浓度和浊度监测原理图................................................................................182仿真图............................................................................................................................183程序清单........................................................................................................................19致谢............................................................................................................................................27参考文献....................................................................................................................................28皖西学院本科毕业设计第1页1.绪论1.1我国水质监测背景中国水资源的分布极其不均匀，水土流失矿山污水导致人类周围的水环境污染日趋严重，严重制约了经济的发展和危害着人类的健康。严峻的水形势提高了人们对水污染控制的重视，对废水的处理和检测成为了维护良好人民生活环境所必不可少的要求，废水中是否有对环境产生重大影响的元素和他们的含量是否在标准以内直接关系到本设计的生存环境。水是人类生产和生活中必不可少的资源，可是现在，生态环境遭到了人类严重的破坏，水资源持续污染，保护水资源和水污染治理成为当代社会最为关注的问题。污染负荷急剧增加，加重了水体的污染，所以水资源也更加短缺了。工业废水近年来虽然经过治理有所减少，但城市生活污水有增无减，占水质污染的55%以上。水是生命之本，是人类赖以生存必不可少的物质资源之一，水也是为人体获得