高中虚拟语气课件

SubjunctiveMood虚拟语气•虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、愿望、要求、命令、建议等。虚拟语气的概念虚拟语气•高考对虚拟语气的考查侧重于：在非真实条件状语从句中的使用，含蓄条件句中的用法，名词从句中的用法及一些特殊句式中的用法。今后高考仍然会重视对虚拟语气句型的考查，而且试题语境会更灵活，考查角度更加多样化。除了在语境中考单选，在阅读、改错中出现要准确理解运用。高考命题趋势一、非真实条件句（if等）中的虚拟语气1.时态一致虚拟句2.错综时间的虚拟句3.倒装句4.含蓄条件句5.ifonly感叹句二、名词性从句的虚拟语气：宾语从句、主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句三、几种特殊的虚拟语气句式wish、asif/though、wouldrather、It’stime…It’snecessary/strange/natural/important…+that从句条件从句If从句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去未来V.+ed(were)haddonewould/could/should/might+V(原)would/could/should/might+have+p.p.1.V.+ed.2.should+V.(原)3.weretodowould/could/should/might+V.(原)一.虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法(3种)。（时态一致）2、错综时间的虚拟句通常情况下,在非真实条件句中主句和从句的谓语动词所指时间是一致的,但有时也可能指不同的时间,这时要根据上下文的意思采用不同的谓语动词形式.1.IfIwereyou,Iwouldhavetakenhisadvice.(从句指现在,主句指过去)。2.IfIhadtakenmyraincoatwithmethismorning,Iwouldnotbewetnow.(从句指过去,主句指现在)。虚拟语气3、省略if的条件从句当从句中有were,had或should时，可省略if，而把它们放在句首。•IfIweretomeethimtomorrow,Ishouldaskhimaboutit.WereItomeethimtomorrow,…•Ifheshouldfailintheexperimentthistime,hewouldtryagain.Shouldhefailintheexperiment…Ifyouhadcomeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.虚拟语气在在条件从句中Hadyoucomeafew….4.without,butfor，or和otherwise构成虚拟。（含蓄条件句）其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。1.）Withoutsunlight,therewouldbenolifeonourplanet.2.）Butforyourhelp,Iwouldn’thavefinishedthework.3.）Iwasillthatday.Otherwise,Iwouldhavetakenpartinthesportsmeet.(副词)4.）Hetelephonedtoinformmeofyourbirthday,orIwouldhaveknownnothingaboutit.(连词)5.Ifonly…要是…就好了!IfonlyIknewhisname!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvice!!IfonlyIwouldseehimagain!要是我们的父母和我们住在一起就好了。要是我没错过火车就好了！Ifonlyourparentslivedwithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!a.Ifthey____(be)here,they__________(take)youradvice.b.Iftheworld-war_____(burst)outagain,what_____________(happen)toourpeopleonearth?werewouldtakeburstwouldhappenPRACTICE1:Fillintheblanks.Ifhe__________（drive）morecarefully,he_________________(nothave)thecaraccidentyesterday.haddrivenwouldnothavehad二.名词性从句的虚拟语气。主要是表示命令、要求、建议的虚拟语气。1.宾语从句。常见动词：一坚持：insist二命令：order,command四建议：advisesuggestproposerecommend六要求：demand,require,request,desire,beg，ask这些动词后面的宾语从句要使用虚拟语气用法。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。我们建议Tom去休息一下。他坚决要求我到场。他们要求我们派他们去那儿工作。WesuggestedthatTom(should)havearest.HeinsistedthatI(should)bepresent.Theyrequestedthatwe(should)sendthemtoworkthere.虚拟语气在：在宾语从句中注意:insist/suggest各有两意思，要用不同的语气①表“坚决要求”,虚拟,(should)+do;②表“坚称,坚持说”,陈述语气,表事实。①表“建议”，虚拟,(should)+do;②表“表明、暗示”，用陈述语气。1.Theteachersuggestedthatwe______________moreafterclass.（我们课后多练习）2.Thelookonherfacesuggestedthatshe________happy3.Heinsistedthatallofus___________thereontimebyanymeans.（我们大家想尽办法按时去那儿）4.Heinsistedthathe_____________thewallet(没有偷钱包).insistsuggest(should)practisewas(should)bedidn’tsteal以上动词用被动，后接的主语从句及相应的名词构成的表语、同位语从句，也要使用虚拟语气。从句中的动词形式一样。即：(should)＋V.order,command,advice,suggestion,proposal,recommendation,demand,request,desire,requirement…It’ssuggestedthattheplanMydemandisthatshetoseemeonceaweek.Wearefortheadvicethatthefactorycloseddown.(Should)becarriedout.(should)come(should)be三.虚拟语气特殊句型:1.wish的宾语从句现在:过去时（were）过去:过去完成时未来:would/could/might+V.Iwisheverydaymybirthday.wereIwish/wishedIsomuchwatermelon.对过去情况的虚拟hadn’teatenIwishitraintomorrow.wouldHelooksasifhedrunk.Theytalkedasiftheyfriendsforyears.Shelovesthebabyasifitherownson.werehadbeenwere2,Asif/though用法3.wouldrather(that)现在,将来：过去：Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadcomeyesterday.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.过去时过去完成时3.It’s(about/high)time+(that)…should+V.过去时我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwe.It’stimethatwetobed.(Should不可省略)wenttobedshouldgo4.It’snecessary/strange/natural/surprisingimportant/essential/vital/advisable/desirable…+that-Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形5.Incase5.Incase，forfearthat,lest(以免)后状语从句常用（should）do表示虚拟。6.Itisapity/ashamethat…从句常用（should）do表示虚拟。7.evenif/eventhough引导的让步状语从句，如果表示虚拟，与if虚拟条件句用法相同。但上述两类句型在现代英语中也常用陈述语气。Self-summary•1.从句中用（should）do表示虚拟的句型有哪些？•2.通过时态表示虚拟的句型有哪些？Useyourheadandyouwilldoagoodjob！（groupdiscussion）•1.表示建议、命令、要求、愿望的动词、名词及同根形容词后的名词从句。2.Itisimportant,natural,necessary…后主语从句。3.Itisapity/ashamethat…后主语从句。4.incase/forfearthat/lest后状语从句。以上从句中用（should）do表示虚拟。•1.在表示虚拟语气的条件、让步状语从句中。2.wish后宾语从句，ifonly后的感叹句中。3.asif/asthough后状语从句，wouldrather后宾语从句中。4.Itistime(that)…句型中。上述句型用动词时态表示虚拟。注意：Itistime(that)…后也可以用shoulddo表示虚拟，should不可省略。2012年高考全国英语试题语法分类汇编之虚拟语气•【2012湖南】29.Sorry,Iamtoobusynow.IfI____time,Iwouldcertainlygoforanoutingwithyou.•A.havehadB.hadhadC.haveD.had•【2012陕西卷】17.Ifmaycar_________morereliable,IwouldhavedriventoLhasainsteadofflyinglastsummer.•A.wasB.hadbeenC.shouldbeD.wouldbe•【2012北京卷】33.We______thedifficultytogether,butwhydidn’tyoutellme?•A.shouldfaceB.mightface•C.couldhavefacedD.musthavefaced•【2012北京卷】35.Don’thandlethevaseasifit____madeofsteel.•A.isB.wereC.hasbeenD.hadbeen•【2012天津卷】15.WewouldhavecalledataxiyesterdayifHarold__________usaridehome.•A.didn’tofferB.wouldn’toffer•C.hasn’tofferedD.hadn’toffered•【2012山东卷】30.Ifwe_______adequatepreparations,theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessful.•A.haven’tmadeB.wouldn’tmake•C.didn’tmakeD.hadn’tmade••【2012福建卷】31.Welostourwayinthatsmallvillage,otherwisewe________moreplacesofinteres