康复英语骨骼

脊椎寰椎theatlas.Superioraspect枢椎theaxis.Posterioraspect颈椎thecervicalvertebra.Superioraspect降椎thevertebraprominens.Rightlateralaspect椎孔Vertebralforamen椎弓Vertebralarch棘突Spinousarch横突Teansverseprocess椎体（Vertebralbody）椎弓根（Pedicleofvertebralarch）椎上切迹（Superiorvertebralnotch）椎下切迹（Inferiorvertebralnotch）副突（Accessoryprocess）乳突（Mamillaryprocess）胸锁前韧带anteriorstemoclavicularlig.锁骨clavicle第一肋firstrib胸骨sternum胸骨柄manubriumsterni胸骨角sternalangle胸骨体bodyofsternum肋软骨costalcartilage胸肋辐状韧带sternocostalradiatelig肋骨costalbone肋间隙intercostalspace肋弓costalarch胸骨下角infrasternalangle剑突xiphoidprocess胸肋关节sternocostaljoint胸肋关节内韧带intraarticularsternocostallig肋锁韧带costoclavicularlig胸锁关节sternoclavicularjoint关节盘ariculardisc胸廓thethorax肋体shaftofrib肋角costalangle肋沟costalgroove前锯肌粗隆tuberosityforserratusanterior肋头嵴crestofcostalhead肋头关节面articularfacetofcostalhead肋结节costaltubercle肋颈costalneck肋头costalhead前斜角肌结节tubercleforscalenusanterior肋骨theribs肋横突韧带costotransverselig.肋横突外侧韧带lateralcostotransverselig.肋横突关节costotransversejoint肋头关节jointofcostalhead肋头辅状韧带radiatelig.ofcostalhead髓核nucleuspulposus纤维环anulusfibrosus椎间盘intervertebraldisc胸骨thesternum颈静脉切迹jugularnotch锁切迹clavicularnotch胸骨柄manubriumsterni胸骨角sternalangle胸骨体bodyofsternum剑突xiphoidprocess第一，二，三，四，五，六，七肋切迹costalnotch1,2,3,4,5,6,7腰椎（Thelumbarvertebra）：上关节突（Superiorarticularprocess）下关节突（Inferiorarticularprocess）骶骨（sacrum）&尾骨（coccyx）上关节突superiorarticularprocess岬promontory骶翼alaofsacrum骶前孔anteriorsacrumforamen骶后孔posteriorsacralforamen横线transverseline骶骨尖apexofsacrum尾骨角coccygealcornu骶管sacralcanal骶粗隆sacraltrberosity耳状面auricularsurface骶正中嵴mediansacralcrest骶外侧嵴lateralsacralcrest骶中间嵴intermediatesacralcrest骶管裂孔sacralhiatus骶角sacralcornu肩峰acromion肩峰关节面acromialsurfaceofarticular肩峰角acromialangle盂上结节supraglenoidtubercle关节盂glenoidcavity盂下结节infraglenoidtubercle外侧缘lateralborder喙突coracoidprocess上角superiorangle上缘superiorborder肩胛切迹notchofscapular肩胛下窝subscapularfossa内侧缘medialborder第一肋：Firstrib肋头Costalhead肋颈Costalneck肋结节Costaltubercle锁骨下动脉沟Sulcusforsubclaviana锁骨下静脉沟Sulcusforsubclavianvein第二肋：Secondrib肋头关节面Articularfacetofcostalhead前锯肌粗隆Ttuberosityforserratusanterior第七肋：Seventhrib肋头嵴Crestofcostalhead肋角Costalangle肋沟Costalgroove肋体Shaftofrib肩胛骨后面观：上角Superiorangle冈上窝Supraspinousfossa肩胛冈Spineofscapula冈下窝Infraspinousfossa内侧缘Medialborder喙突Coracoidprocess肩峰Acromion外侧角Lateralangle肩胛颈Neckofscapula盂下结节Infraglenoidtubercle外侧缘Lateralborder髂骨ilium外面观externalaspect：髂嵴iliaccrest髂骨翼alaofilium髂结节tubercleofiliaccrest髂骨体bodyofilium髂前上棘anteriorsuperioriliacspine髂后上棘posteriorsuperioriliacspine髂前下棘anteriorinferioriliacspine髂后下棘posteriorinferioriliacspine臀前线anteriorglutealline臀后线posteriorglutealline臀下线inferiorglutealline内面观internalaspect：髂窝iliacfossa髂粗隆iliactuberosity弓状线arcuateline耳状面auricularsurface髂耻隆起iliopubiceminence坐骨ischium坐骨大切迹greatersciaticnotch坐骨棘ischialspine坐骨小切迹lessersciaticnotch坐骨体bodyofischium坐骨结节ischialtuberosity坐骨支ramusofischium髋臼acetabulum髋臼切迹acetabularnotch髋臼窝acetabularfossa月状面lunatesurface弓状线arcuateline闭孔obturatorforamen闭孔沟obturatorgroove肱骨前面观：解剖颈anatomicalneck肱骨头headofhumerus大结节greatertubercle小结节lessertubercle结节间沟intertubercularsulcus外科颈surgicalneck大结节嵴grestofgreatertubercle小结节嵴grestoflessertubercle三角肌粗隆deltoidtuberosity肱骨体shaftofhumerus滋养孔nutrientforamen内侧缘medialborder桡窝radialfossa外上髁lateralepicondyle冠突窝coronoidfossa内上髁medialepicondyle肱骨小头capitulumofhumerus肱骨滑车trochleaofhumerus后面观：外侧缘lateralborder桡神经沟sulcusforradial鹰嘴窝olecranonfossa尺神经沟sulcusforulnar上为外面观Externalaspect，下为内面观Internalaspect。髂耻隆起：Iiopubiceminence耻骨梳：Pectenpubis耻骨上支：Superiorramusofpubis耻骨结节：Pubictubercle耻骨联合面：Symphyisialsurface耻骨下支：Inferiorramusofpubisfemur(thighbone)股骨femuristhemostproximalboneofthelegintetrapodvertebratescapableofwalkingorjumping.股骨是有四肢的脊椎动物最靠近身体的骨头，有走和跳的能力。1.Femoralhead/headoffemur/femurhead股骨头itisthehighestpartofthethighbone.它是股骨的最高的部分。2.Femurneck股骨颈Itisflattenedpyramidalprocessofbone,connectingthefemoralheadwiththefemoralshaft.它是骨头中倒着的椎突，连接股骨头和股骨体。3.greatertrochanter股骨大转子thegreatertrochanterofthefemurisalarge,irregular,quadrilateraleminenceandapartoftheskeletalsystem.intheadultitisabout1cmlowerthanthehead.股骨大转子是一个大的，不规则的，四边形的凸点，是骨骼系统的一部分，在成年人，在股骨头下方1厘米。4.lessertrochanter小转子thelessertrochanterofthefemurisaconicaleminence,whichvariesinsizeindifferentsubjects.股骨小转子是一个圆锥形的凸点，在不同个体中大小不同。5.lineaaspera股骨粗线thelineaasperaisaridgeofroughenedsurfaceontheposteriorsurfaceofthefemur,towhichareattachedmuscles.股骨粗线是股骨背侧面的粗糙面上的脊，肌肉会连接在上面。7.臀肌粗隆（glutealtuberosity）：Femurslightlyprotrudingforward,behindthelongitudinalboneridgecalledroughline,upwardextensionfortheglutealtuberosity.(股骨体稍微向前凸，后面有纵行的骨嵴称为粗线，向上外延续为臀肌粗隆。)8.内侧髁(medialcondyle)：Thelowerendofthefemurhastwoexpanded,respectively,whichiscalledthemedialandlateralcondyle.(股骨下端有两个向后突的膨大，分别称为内侧髁和外侧髁)9.外侧髁(lateralcondyle)：见上一行10.内上髁(medialepicondyle)：Thesideofthemedialcondyleprotuberance,calledmedialepicondyle.(内侧髁侧面最突起处，称为内上髁)11.外上髁(lateralepicondyle)：Thesideofthelateralcondyleprotuberance,calledlateralepicondyle.（外侧髁侧面最突起处称为外上髁）12.髌面((patellarsurface))：Thearticularsurfaceofthemedialandlateralcondylefrontconnectedtoeachothe