数学常用词汇中英文对照

数学常用词汇中英文对照第1页共6页数学常用词汇中英文对照代数部分1、有关基本运算：add，plus加subtract减difference差multiply,times乘product积divide除divisible可被整除的dividedevenly被整除dividend被除数divisor因子，除数quotient商remainder余数factorial阶乘power乘方radicalsign,rootsign根号roundto四舍五入tothenearest四舍五入2.有关集合union并集propersubset真子集solutionset解集3.有关代数式、方程和不等式algebraicterm代数项liketerms,similarterms同类项numericalcoefficient数字系数literalcoefficient字母系数inequality不等式triangleinequality三角不等式range值域originalequation原方程equivalentequation同解方程等价方程linearequation线性方程4.有关分数和小数properfraction真分数improperfraction假分数mixednumber带分数vulgarfraction，commonfraction普通分数simplefraction简分数complexfraction繁分数numerator分子denominator分母(least)commondenominator(最小)公分母quarter四分之一decimalfraction纯小数infinitedecimal无穷小数recurringdecimal循环小数tenthsunit十分位5.基本数学概念arithmeticmean算术平均值weightedaverage加权平均值geometricmean几何平均数exponent指数，幂base乘幂的底数,底边cube立方数，立方体squareroot平方根cuberoot立方根commonlogarithm常用对数digit数字constant常数variable变量inversefunction反函数complementaryfunction余函数linear一次的，线性的factorization因式分解absolutevalue绝对值，roundoff四舍五入6.有关数论naturalnumber自然数positivenumber正数negativenumber负数oddinteger,oddnumber奇数eveninteger,evennumber偶数integer,wholenumber整数positivewholenumber正整数negativewholenumber负整数consecutivenumber连续整数realnumber,rationalnumber实数,有理数数学常用词汇中英文对照第2页共6页irrational(number)无理数inverse倒数compositenumber合数primenumber质数reciprocal倒数commondivisor公约数multiple倍数(least)commonmultiple(最小)公倍数(prime)factor(质)因子commonfactor公因子ordinaryscale,decimalscale十进制nonnegative非负的tens十位units个位mode众数median中数commonratio公比7.数列arithmeticprogression(sequence)等差数列geometricprogression(sequence)等比数列8.其它approximate近似(anti)clockwise(逆)顺时针方向cardinal基数ordinal序数directproportion正比distinct不同的estimation估计，近似parentheses括号proportion比例permutation排列combination组合table表格trigonometricfunction三角函数unit单位,位几何部分1.所有的角alternateangle内错角correspondingangle同位角verticalangle对顶角centralangle圆心角interiorangle内角exteriorangle外角supplementaryangles补角complementaryangle余角adjacentangle邻角acuteangle锐角obtuseangle钝角rightangle直角roundangle周角straightangle平角includedangle夹角2.所有的三角形equilateraltriangle等边三角形scalenetriangle不等边三角形isoscelestriangle等腰三角形righttriangle直角三角形oblique斜三角形inscribedtriangle内接三角形3.有关收敛的平面图形，除三角形外semicircle半圆concentriccircles同心圆quadrilateral四边形pentagon五边形hexagon六边形heptagon七边形octagon八边形nonagon九边形decagon十边形polygon多边形parallelogram平行四边形equilateral等边形plane平面square正方形，平方rectangle长方形regularpolygon正多边形rhombus菱形trapezoid梯形4.其它平面图形arc弧line,straightline直线数学常用词汇中英文对照第3页共6页linesegment线段parallellines平行线segmentofacircle弧形5.有关立体图形cube立方体，立方数rectangularsolid长方体regularsolid/regularpolyhedron正多面体circularcylinder圆柱体cone圆锥sphere球体solid立体的6.有关图形上的附属物altitude高depth深度side边长circumference,perimeter周长radian弧度surfacearea表面积volume体积arm直角三角形的股crosssection横截面centerofacircle圆心chord弦radius半径anglebisector角平分线diagonal对角线diameter直径edge棱faceofasolid立体的面hypotenuse斜边includedside夹边leg三角形的直角边medianofatriangle三角形的中线base底边，底数opposite直角三角形中的对边midpoint中点endpoint端点vertex(复数形式vertices)顶点tangent切线的transversal截线intercept截距7.有关坐标coordinatesystem坐标系rectangularcoordinate直角坐标系origin原点abscissa横坐标ordinate纵坐标numberline数轴quadrant象限slope斜率complexplane复平面8.其它planegeometry平面几何trigonometry三角学bisect平分circumscribe外切inscribe内切intersect相交perpendicular垂直pythagoreantheorem勾股定理congruent全等的multilateral多边的1centpennynickel5dimedozen打（12score廿(20个)CentigradeFahrenheitquartgallon加仑(1gallon=4quart)yardmetermicroninchfootminute分(角度的度量单位，60分=1度)squaremeasurecubicmeterpint品脱(干量或液量的单位)数学常用词汇中英文对照第4页共6页2.intercalaryyear(leapyear)闰年(366天)commonyear平年(365天)depreciationdownpaymentdiscountmarginprofitinterestsimpleinterestcompoundedinterestdividenddecreasetodecreasebyincreasetoincreasebydenotelistpricemarkup涨percapitaratioretailpricetie打平集合与简易逻辑集合（集）set非负整数集thesetofallnon-negativeintegers自然数集thesetofallnaturalnumbers正整数集thesetofallpositiveintegers整数集thesetofallintegers有理数集thesetofallrationalnumbers实数集thesetofallrealnumbers元素element属于belongto不属于notbelongto有限集finiteset无限集infiniteset空集emptyset包含inclusion,include包含于liein子集subset真子集propersubset补集（余集）complementaryset全集universe交集intersection并集union偶数集thesetofallevennumbers奇数集thesetofalloddnumbers含绝对值的不等式inequalitywithabsolutevalue一元二次不等式one-variablequadraticinequality逻辑logic逻辑联结词logicconnective或or且and非not真true假false真值表truthtable原命题originalproposition逆命题converseproposition否命题negativeproposition逆否命题converse-negativeproposition充分条件sufficientcondition必要条件necessarycondition充要条件sufficientandnecessarycondition……的充要条件是………ifandonlyif…函数函数function自变量argument定义域domain值域range区间interval闭区间closedinterval开区间openinterval函数的图象graphoffunction映射mapping象image原象inverseimage单调monotone增函数increasingfunction数学常用词汇中英文对照第5页共6页减函数decreasingfunction单调区间monotoneinterval反函数inversefunction指数exponentn次方根nthroot根式radical根指数radicalexponent被开方数radicand指数函数exponentialfunction对数logarithm常用对数commonlogarithm自然对数naturallogarithm对数函数logarithmicfunction数列数列sequenceofnumber项term通项公式theformulaofgeneralterm有穷数列finitesequenceofnumber无穷数列infinitesequenceofnumber递推公式recurrenceformula等差数列arithmeticprogression，arithmeticseries公差commondifference等差中项arithmeticmean等比数列geometricpro