English-Lexicology-(I)

“.”Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyedEnglishLexicology(I)EnglishLexicology(I)2unilateral,bilateral,trilateral,multilateralmonogamy,polygamyinflexible,imbalance,irrational,illegaldownload,copyright,motherwit,greenwealthWesummeredinQingdaolastyear.EnglishLexicology(I)3skate,skim,skin,ski,sketch,skidThisfoxgoeswellwithyourcap.Heistoofoundofbottles.blue-collarworkers,white-collarworkers,gray-collarworks,pink-collarworks,gold-collarworkersforbiddenfruitsThequestionwasliketheSphinx’sriddletothemEnglishLexicology(I)4YourAdam’sappleisnotapparentastimidasarabbit;agreenhandasheetofpaper;awhitepaper,atermpaper;today’spaper,examinationpaperChapter1Introduction1.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicology1.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourse1.3theconnectionbetweenlexicologywithgrammarandstylistics1.4twoapproachestothestudyofEnglishLexicologyEnglishLexicology(I)61.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyWhatislanguage?Languageisasystemofarbitraryvocalsymbolsusedforhumancommunication.Itisaspecificsocialactionandacarrierofinformation.“Languageisman’swayofcommunicationwithhisfellowmanandItislanguagealonewhichseparatehimfromtheloweranimals”EnglishLexicology(I)71.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyWhatislinguistics?Generallyspeaking,linguisticscanbedefinedasthescientificstudyoflanguage.Tobemoreexact,linguisticsstudiesthegeneralprinciplesuponwhichlanguagesareconstructedandoperateassystemsofhumancommunicationEnglishLexicology(I)81.1Language,LinguisticsandLexicologyWhatislexicology?Lexicologyisabranchoflinguisticsconcernedwiththestudyofthevocabularyofagivenlanguage.Itdealswithwords,theirorigin,development,structure,formation,meaningandusage.EnglishLexicology(I)91.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseWhatistheclasstype?Englishlexicologyisatheoretically-orientedcourse.ItischieflyconcernedwiththebasictheoriesofwordsingeneralandofEnglishwordsinparticular.However,itisapracticalcourseaswell,forinthediscussion,weshallinevitablydealwithcopiousstocksofwordsandidioms,andstudymanyusageexamples.Naturally,therewillbealargequantityofpracticeinvolved.EnglishLexicology(I)101.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseTheroleofvocabularyinthelanguagesystemVocabularyisthebuildingmaterialofthelanguagesystem.Itisoneofthethereessentialelementsoflanguage:speechsounds,grammarandvocabulary.“Withoutgrammarverylittlecanbeconveyed,withoutvocabularynothingcanbeconveyed.”“…thereisasenseinwhichlearningaforeignlanguageisbasicallyamatteroflearningthevocabularyofthatlanguage.Notbeingabletofindthewordstoexpressyourselfisthemostfrustratingexperienceinspeakinganotherlanguage.”EnglishLexicology(I)11EnglishLexicology(I)121.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseAimsofthecourseGiveasystematicdescriptionoftheEnglishvocabulary.OfferaninsightintotheoriginanddevelopmentoftheEnglishvocabulary.Discusstheproblemsofword-structureandword-formationStudytheuseofEnglishwords,theirmeaningsandchangesinmeaning,theirsenserelations.EnglishLexicology(I)131.2AimsandSignificanceoftheCourseThesignificanceofthecourseDevelopyourpersonalvocabularyandconsciouslyincreaseyourwordpower(activevocabulary).Understandword-meaningandorganize,classifyandstorewordsmoreeffectively.Raiseyourawarenessofmeaningandusages,usewordsmoreaccuratelyandappropriately.Developyourskillsandhabitsofanalyzingandgeneralizinglinguisticphenomenainyourlearningexperiences.Ultimatelyimproveyourreceptiveandproductiveskillsinlanguageprocessingaswellaslanguageproduction.EnglishLexicology(I)141.2theconnectionoflexicologywithgrammarThevocabularyisthebuildingmaterialofalanguage.Thevocabularyofalanguageassumestremendousimportancewhenitcomesunderthecontrolofgrammar,whichisconcernedwiththemodificationinformofwordsandthecombinationofwordsintosentences.EnglishLexicology(I)15Aclearidea.Itisclear.Theclarityoftheirapproach.Clarifytheirthoughts.EnglishLexicology(I)16Thesmallchildwobbled.Thetoddlerwobbled.Robertisanextremelysmartboy.Robertisagenius.Findingtheaccurateandappropriatewords!EnglishLexicology(I)17Wehadalargemealat‘thanksgiving!Dadgaveadollartothepoormanonthecorner.Abeautifulglasslamphungoverthediningroomtable.Feast/banquetbeggar/hobo/panhandlerchandelierEnglishLexicology(I)181.2theconnectionoflexicologywithstylisticsLexicologystudiesstylisticvariantsonthebasisofmeaningsofwordsandtheirchanges:synonyms,antonyms,figuresofspeech,etc.EnglishLexicology(I)19Stylisticsis‘thestudyofoptionalvariationsinthesounds,forms,orvocabularyofalanguageascharacteristicofdifferentusesoflanguage,differentsituationsofuse…’Thatis,thesameusermayusedifferentvarietiesfordifferentpurposes,indifferentsituations,inconversationswithdifferentpeople,ortoproducedifferenteffects.EnglishLexicology(I)20Thesamesubjectmattercanbeexpressedindifferentstyles:Mybelovedparenthasjoinedthegreatmajority.(…hasbreathedhislast)(literary)Mydearfatherhaspassedaway.(euphemistic)Myfatherhasdied.(natural)Myoldmanhaskickedoff.(gonewest)(slang)Mydadhaspoppedoff.(colloquial)EnglishLexicology(I)21thestudyofwordsissignificantforthestud