情态动词教学案

1英语高考专题复习讲与练情态动词情态动词基本用法：情态动词用法否定式疑问式与简答+havedonemust必须，应该（表主观要求）肯定，想必（肯定句中表推测）mustnot/mustn’tdoMust…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’t/don’thavetowill意愿，决心请求，建议，用在问句中would比较委婉willnot/won’tdoWill…do…?Yes,…will.No,…won’twouldwouldnot/wouldn’tdoshall将要，会用于一三人称征求对方意见用于二三人称表示许诺命令shallnot/shan’tdoShall…do…?Yes,…shall.No,…shan’tshould应当，应该（表义务责任）本该（含有责备意味）shouldnot/shouldn’tdoShould…do…?oughtto应当（表示义务责任，口语中多用shouldoughtnotto/oughtn’ttodoOught…todo…?Yes,…ought.No,…oughtn’t.can能力（体力，智力，技能）允许或许可（口语中常用）可能性（表猜测，用于否定疑问句中）cannot/cannot/can’tdoCan…do…?Yes,…can.No,…can’t.couldcouldn’tdomay可以（问句中表示请求）可能，或许（表推测）祝愿（用于倒装句中）maynotdoMay…do…?Ye,…may.No,…mustn’t/can’tmightmightnotdoMight…do…?Yes,…mightNo,…mightnot.haveto只好，不得不（客观的必须，有时态人称变化）don’thavetodoDo…havetodo…?Yes,…do.No,…don’t.dare敢（常用于否定句和疑问句中）darenot/daren’tdoDare…do…?Yes,…dare.No,…daren’t.need需要必须（常用于否定句和疑问句中）neednot/needn’tdoNeed…do…?Yes,…must.No,…needn’tusedto过去常常（现在已不再）usednot/usedn’t/usen’ttododidn’tusetodoUsed…todo…?Yes,…used.No,…use(d)n’tDid…usetodo…?Yes,…did.No,…didn’t.一、考点聚焦1、情态动词的基本用法(1)can、beableto和could①can和beableto都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时，而beableto则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/wereableto来表示。这时was/wereableto相当于managedto/succeededindoing…，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。请判断：下列那句话中2Wereyouabletoswimwhenyouwas10yearsold?Thewoundedmanstillwasabletogettothevillageandwassavedintheend.例：Thefirespreadthroughthehotelveryquicklybuteveryone_________getout.(NMET1997)A.hadtoB.wouldC.couldD.wasableto②can和couldcan和could都可以表示能力、技能、许可、建议或请求和可能性。但比较委婉客气地提出问题或陈述看法，一般用could，回答时则用can或其它的委婉形式。如：Couldyouhelpmecarrythebag?Aleftluggageofficeisaplacewherebagsbeleftforashorttime,especiallyatarailwaystation.（03全国卷）A．shouldB．canC．mustD．will－－Willyoustayforlunch?(NMET1999)－－Sorry,＿＿＿＿＿,mybrotheriscomingtoseeme.A.Imustn'tB.Ican'tC.Ineedn'tD.Iwon't(2)may/might①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。如：-Whyisn’theinclass?Hemaybesick.(生病的可能性较大)—Hemightbesick.(生病的可能性较小)AreyoucomingtoJeff'sparty?I'mnotsure.I________gototheconcertinstead.A.mustB.wouldC.shouldD.mightPeter____comewithustonight,butheisn'tverysureyet.(NMET1993)A.mustB.canC.mayD.will②may/might表示“允许”，但might表示比较委婉的语气。如：Hesayswemayleave.③may/might表示建议或请求，但might比may更客气，意思更肯定而无过去时态的含义。Yes,youcan/may.—May/MightIuseyourbike?—No,youmustn’t（3）must①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。如：YoumustdoeverythingasIdo.---Whoisthegirlstandingoverthere?---Well,ifyou______know,hernameisMabel.（04天津）AmayBcanCmustDshall②must表示肯定的推测。如：Thelightisstillon,sohemustbeathome.③mustn’t表示禁止做某事。如：Youmustn’tsmokeintheoffice.—ShallItellJohnaboutit?—No,you______.Heisbadlyillinhospital.3A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn'tJohnny,youplaywiththeknife,youhurtyourself.(NMET1996)A.won't;can'tB.mustn't;mayC.shouldn't;mustD.can't;shouldn't（4）havetohaveto表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。haveto的否定形式表示不必。haveto可用于多种时态中。如：Youwillhavetocleanyourownbootswhenyoujointhearmy.Ihavetobeatmyofficeeveryevening.（5）should/oughtto①should和oughtto表示应当、应该，前者比后者语气轻。如：Youshould/oughttoworkhard.②should/oughttoworkhard.Sincesheisnothere,wheshould/oughttobeintheclassroom.③should/oughtto的否定形式表示禁止之意。如：Childrenshouldn’tsmoke.④should可表示陈述意见，推出建议或请求；而oughtto可以表示劝告之意。如：Yououghttorespectyourparents.Hesuggestedthattheyshouldleaveatonce.It'snearlyseveno'clock.Jackbehereatanymoment.(NMET1995)A.mustB.needC.shouldD.can--WhencanIcomeforthephotos?Ineedthemtomorrowafternoon.(NMET1998)--They_____bereadyby12:00.A.canB.shouldC.mightD.need（6）will/would①will用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t+动词。如：Iwilltellyouallaboutit.Tomwon’tdosuchathing.—Don'tforgettocometomybirthdaypartytomorrow.(NMET1994)—______.A.Idon'tB.Iwon'tC.Ican'tD.Ihaven't---You'veleftthelighton.---Oh,soJhave.________andturnitoff.A．I'llgoB．I'vegoneC．IgoD．I'mgoing—Writetomewhenyougethome.—_________（01北京春季）A．ImustB．IshouldC．IwillD．Ican②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”如：Willyoupleasetellherthenewswhenyouseeher?Besuretowritetous,____?(NMET1993)A.willyouB.aren'tyouC.canyouD.mustn'tyou4－－Alice.youfeedihebirdtoday,＿＿＿＿＿?(NMET1999)－－ButIfedityesterday.A.doyouB.willyouC.didn'tyouD.don'tyou③will表示习惯性的动作，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。如：Fishwilldieoutofwater.④would表示客气的请求、建议或意愿。如：Wouldyoupleasebequiet?Wouldyoulikecoffee?⑤would表示过去反复发生的动作。如：WhenIpassedmyschoolIwouldseemyteacherswhotaughtme5yearsago.（7）needneed作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，其变化与一般动词相同。如：Ineedtothinkitover.—Needyougonow?—Yes,Imust./No,Ineedn’t—ShallItellJohnaboutit?(NMET1994)—No,you______.Ihavetoldhimalreday.A.needn'tB.wouldn'tC.mustn'tD.shouldn't---Idon'tmindtellingyouwhatIknow.---You.I'mnotaskingyouforit.（04江苏）A.mustn'tB.maynotC.can'tD.needn’t（8）daredare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，后面可带to的不定式，此时to也可以省略。dare与need的用法相似。如：Howdareyousaythat?Shedoesn’tdate(to)askherfather.（9）usedtousedto表示过去常常发生的动作或存在的习惯，但现在已不复存在了。如：Heusedtosmoke.（10）shall①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。如：Weshalldoasourteachersays.YoushallhavethebookassoonasIfinishit.“Theinterestbedividedintofiveparts,accordingtotheagreementmadebybothsides,”declaredthejudge.（04重庆）A.mayB.shouldC.mustD.shall②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三