陈宝--基于单片机的GPS定位系统设计

本科生毕业论文(设计)基于单片机的GPS定位系统设计院系电气工程与自动化学院专业自动化班级09级（4）班学号310908020405学生姓名陈宝指导教师钱伟2013年5月河南理工大学毕业设计说明书1基于单片机的GPS定位系统设计中文摘要GPS是全球定位系统英文名词GlobalPositioningSystem的缩写。该系统是美国布设的第二代卫星无线电子导航系统。它能为用户提供全球性、全天候、连续性、实时、高精度的三维坐标、三向速度和时间信息。其目的是在全球范围内对地面和空中目标进行准确定位和监测。现在，GPS接收机作为一种先进的导航和定位仪器，已在军事及民用领域得到广泛的应用。GPS全球定位系统在实际生活中被广泛应用，是当今信息时代发展中的重要组成部分。因其具有性能好、精度高、应用广的特点，使其成为了迄今为止最好的定位导航系统。本论文详细介绍了一种基于单片机、GPS接收模块、12864液晶显示模块等器件的GPS实时显示功能的实现。分别从硬件设计和软件设计等方面对其作了详细的阐述，并且结合硬件的特点研究了MCS－51系列单片机如何与GPS接收模块实现串行通信，该系统是根据GPS模块数据输出基本原理设计而成的。它是一台体积小巧、携带方便、可以独立使用的全天候实时的定位导航设备。关键词：GPS；单片机；GPS接收模块；12864液晶屏河南理工大学毕业设计说明书2Microcontroller-basedGPSPositioningInformationDisplaySystemDesignABSTRACTGPSistheabbreviationoftheEnglishtermGlobalPositioningSystemglobalpositioningsystem..ThesystemistheUnitedStateslaidthesecondgenerationsatelliteradionavigationsystem..Itcanprovideuserswithcontinuous,real-time,giobal,round-the-clock,highprecisionthreedimensionalcoordinates,threevelocityandtimeinformation.Aimedattargetsonthegroundandintheairaroundtheworldanaccuratepositioningandmonitoring.Now,asanadvancedGPSreceivernavigationandpositioningequipment,hasawiderangeofapplicationsinmilitaryandcivilianareas.GPSGlobalPositioningSystemiswidelyusedinreallife,isanimportantpartinthedevelopmentoftoday'sinformationage.Becauseofitsgoodperformance,highaccuracy,wideapplication,makingitbyfarthebestnavigationandpositioningsystem.ThisthesisisdescribedindetailbasedonmicrocontrollerGPSreceivermodule,12,864LCDdisplaysandotherdevicesGPSreal-timedisplayfunctionimplementation.Fromhardwareandsoftwareimplementationgaveadetailedexpositionofthedesign,andcombinedwiththehardwarefeaturesoftheMCS-51seriesmicrocontrollerGPSreceivermoduletoachieveserialcommunication,thesystemdesignisbasedonthebasicprincipleoftheGPSmoduledataoutput.Itisacompact,portable,andcanbeusedindependently,all-weatherreal-timepositioningandnavigationequipment.KEYWORD:GPS;microcontroller;GPSreceivermodule;12864LCD河南理工大学毕业设计说明书3目录中文摘要........................................................................1ABSTRACT...........................................................................2第一章绪论........................................................................51.1课题背景及意义..............................................................................................................................52.1GPS全球定位系统简介..................................................................................................................72.2GPS信号接收方案选择................................................................................................................102.3GPS接收模块的研究.....................................................................................................................112.4总体方案的设计............................................................................................................................12第三章基于单片机的GPS硬件电路设计................................................133.1基于单片机的GPS硬件电路总体结构......................................................................................133.2基于单片机的GPS定位信息显示系统设计硬件电路简介.......................................................133.2.1STC89C52简介...................................................................................................................133.2.2SiRFStarIIGPS信号接收模块.........................................................................................173.2.312864液晶显示模块介绍...................................................................................................193.3基于单片机的GPS硬件连接介绍..............................................................................................21第四章基于单片机的GPS软件设计....................................................234.1NMEA-0183数据格式..................................................................................................................234.1.1输入语句.............................................................................................................................234.1.2输出语句.............................................................................................................................244.2基于单片机的GPS定位系统软件开发环境―KeiluVision2...................................................264.2.18051开发工具.....................................................................................................................264.2.2uVision2集成开发环境......................................................................................................274.2.3编辑器和调试器.................................................................................................................284.2.4测试程序.............................................................................................................................294.2.5KeilC编译步骤..................................................................................................................294.3基于单片机的GPS软件设计思路..............................................................................................32第五章系统调试与实验结果..........................................................345.1硬件调试.............