执护循环练习题

循环系统疾病练习题一、A1型题1.心功能不全失代偿期，病人常取·················································（B）A.侧卧位B.端坐位C.仰卧位D.肘膝位E.蜷屈卧位2.心源性水肿常先发生于·····························································（B）A.眼睑B.踝部C.上胸部D.胸腔E.腹腔3.护理心源性水肿病人，下列那项措施不妥·····································（E）A.补液滴速宜20~30滴／minB.保持会阴部皮肤清洁、干燥C.使用热水袋保暖须避免烫伤D.定期观察体重变化E.严重水肿，应严格控制水分，每日入液量500ml4.下列哪项不是引起慢性心功能不全的诱发因素·······························（E）A.输液过多过快B.重度贫血C.摄入钠盐过多D.严重脱水E.重症二尖瓣狭窄5.右心功能不全的早期表现是······················································（C）A.乏力、烦躁B.尿少C.恶心、食欲不振D.肝区胀痛E.夜尿增多6.右心功能不全病人无下列那项表现················································（A）A.晕厥B.水肿C.少尿D.肝区疼痛E.恶心、呕吐7.评估左心功能不全的基本表现是···················································（C）A.咯血B.咳嗽、咳痰C.呼吸困难D.嗜睡、乏力E.头晕、心悸8.提示左心功能不全的体征是·························································（C）A.肝肿大B.下肢水肿C.交替脉D.腹水E.周围静脉压升高9.右心衰竭与肝硬化的临床表现区别是前者有····································（E）A.肝肿大B.脾肿大C.腹水D.下肢水肿E.周围静脉压升高10.左心功有不全时，不出现下述那项体征········································（C）A.紫绀B.心率增快C.肝颈静脉返流征阳性D.两肺底湿罗章E.心尖区舒张期奔马律11.主要降低心脏后负荷的血管扩张剂是···········································（B）A.卡托普利B.哌唑嗪C.酚妥拉明D.多巴酚丁胺E.硝酸甘油12.急性肺水肿的特异性表现是·······················································（E）A.大汗淋漓B.紫绀C.烦躁D.端坐呼吸E.咯粉红色泡沫痰13.心源性呼吸困难不包括·····························································（B）A.劳力性呼吸困难B.吸气性呼吸困难C.端唑呼吸D.阵发性夜间呼吸困难E.急性肺水肿14.心力衰竭最常见的诱发因素是····················································（D）A.过劳B.心律失常C.摄入盐过多D.感染E.洋地黄过量15左心室后负荷增加的主要因素是··················································（D）A.回心血量增加B.肺淤血C.二尖瓣狭窄D.高血压E.主动脉瓣关闭不全16.能判定心功能不全的心脏体征是·················································（D）A.心界扩大B.心脏的频率与节律C.心前区震颤D.舒张期奔马律E.心脏杂音的强度17.心功能的评估是依据································································（C）A.病程长短B.心脏体征C.活动耐力D.心无并发症E.辅助检查资料18.减轻心脏前负荷的护理措施不包括················································（B）A.低盐饮食B.低热量饮食C.半卧床D.控制输液速度E.两腿下垂19.护士给病人应用地戈辛之前者先应评估········································（A）A.一分钟心率B.心功能C.水肿程序D.24小时尿量E.心电图20.有关洋地黄的错误认识的是·······················································（E）A.是治疗充血性心衰有效的药物B.治疗用量个体差异较大C.治疗量与中毒量接近易发生中毒D.主要中毒反应是心律失常E.一旦有早期中毒表现应立即减量21.鼓励长期卧床的心衰病人在床上作下肢活动，主要目的是················（D）A.防止肌肉萎缩B.预防褥疮C.减少回心血量D.防止下肢静脉血栓形成E.保持和维护活动耐力22.对有可能发生夜间阵发性呼吸困难的病人，最重要的护理措施是·······（E）A.告知病人呼吸方法B.给予镇静剂C.加强巡视D.睡前吸氧E.给予半卧位23.急性肺水肿病人，酒精湿化吸氧的目的是·····································（D）A.减少呼吸道分泌物B.促进肺血循环，减轻肺水肿C.扩张支敢管，改善通气D.降低肺泡内泡沫的表现张力E.有利于清除呼吸道内的分泌物24.护理慢性心力衰竭伴低钠血症的病人应注意··································（C）A.大量补充葡萄糖B.多输入生理盐水C.严格限制饮水量D.无盐水饮食、多喝糖水E.多食咸菜类饮食25.那种心脏病在心衰改善后心脏杂音可增强·····································（C）A.心肌炎B.肺心病C.风心病D.高心病E.冠心病26.关于房颤的概念，不正确的是····················································（C）A.多数发生在有器质性心脏病病人B.每分钟脉率＜心率C.心率多为350~600次／分D.持久性房颤易发生动脉栓塞E.心室搏动快而不规则27.易引起白细胞减少的抗心律失常药物是········································（A）A.苯妥英钠B.美西律C.胺碘酮D.异丙肾上腺素E.奎尼丁28.心律失常类型中脉搏呈规则的是·················································（D）A.室性早搏B.第二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞C.心房颤动D.第三度房室传导阻滞E.室性阵发性心动过速29.那类心律失常病人不必绝对卧床休息···········································（A）A.持久性心房颤动B.第三度房室传导阻滞C.频发过早搏动D.第二度Ⅱ型房室传导阻滞E.室性阵发性心动过速30.随时有猝死危险的心律失常是····················································（B）A.室上性阵发性心动过速B.室性阵发性心动过速C.室性早搏落在前一心搏的T波上D.多源性室性早搏E.心房颤动31.可影响甲状腺功能的抗心律失常药物是········································（E）A.美西律B.维拉帕米C.奎尼丁D.普鲁卡因酰胺E.胺磺酮32.以颈动脉窦按摩法终止心动过速发作，下列那项不正确···················（B）A.宜左右两侧轮流按摩B.适用于室性阵发性心动过速C.适用于室上性阵发性心动过速D.每次按摩约5~10秒E.当心率减慢应立即停止按摩33.心律失常病人的护理问题中较重要的是········································（C）A.缺乏对疾病的认识B.药物反应C.心输出量减少D.焦虑E.晕厥34.风湿性心脏病病人首要的潜在并发症是········································（A）A.充血性心力衰竭B.感染C.心律失常D.栓塞E.亚急性感染性心内膜炎35.下列那项不是风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄病人的早期表现···················（D）A.心悸B.气促C.咯血D.水肿E.咳嗽36.二尖瓣狭窄出现右心衰后其·······················································（C）A.咯血次数增加B.每次咯血量增加C.咯血次数减少D.咯血症状消失E.每次咯血量不变37.风湿性心脏病最常受累的瓣膜为·················································（A）A.二尖瓣B.三尖瓣C.主动脉瓣D.肺动脉瓣E.动脉导管末闭处38.风湿性心脏病病人预防风湿活动的关键措施是·······························（C）A.卧床休息B.低盐饮食C.防治链球菌感染D.女病人避免妊娠E.加强休息锻炼39.风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄病人发生大咯血是由于····························（A）A.曲张的支气管静脉发生破裂B.曲张的支气管动脉发生破裂C.急性肺水肿D.支气管内膜毛细血管破裂E.肺部严重感染40.风湿性心脏病联合瓣膜病变较常见的是········································（E）A.二尖瓣狭窄并主动脉瓣狭窄B.二尖瓣关闭不全并二尖瓣狭窄C.主动脉瓣狭窄并主动脉瓣关闭不全D.肺动脉瓣狭窄并肺动脉瓣关闭不全E.二尖瓣狭窄并主动脉瓣关闭不全41.风湿性心脏病二关瓣狭窄病人最重要的体征是·······························（D）A.二尖瓣开放拍击音B.肺动脉瓣区第二音亢进C.心尖区收缩期吹风样杂音D.心尖区舒张期隆隆样杂音E.呈二尖瓣面容42.风湿性心脏病主动脉瓣关闭不全病人最重要的体征是······················（B）A.主动脉瓣区收缩期杂音B.主动脉瓣区舒张期吹风样杂音C.水冲脉D.心尖区有抬举性搏动E.脉压差增大43.风湿性心脏病病人心律失常，最常见的类型是·······························（D）A.过早搏动B.阵发性室性心动过速C.窦性心动过速D.心房颤动E.房室传导阻滞44.风湿性心脏病病人并发那种心律失常易引起栓塞····························（D）A.窦性心动过缓B.窦性心动过速C.过早搏动D.心房颤动E、房室传导阻滞45.风湿性心脏病病人发生风湿活动时，护理不当的是·························（D）A.红肿关节局部可热敷B.有心肌炎时应绝对卧床C.卧床时肿痛关节部垫软枕D.患肢应多活动、防止关节废用E.发热病人出汗后宜置换内衣46.风湿性心脏病病人并发亚急性感染性心内膜炎时，较少出现·············（C）A.脑栓塞B.肝动脉栓塞C.脉压差增大D.皮肤粘膜淤点E.杵状指47.二尖瓣狭窄病人伴房颤时，左心房血栓脱落最常栓塞于···················（A）A.脑B.脾C.肺D.肾E.四肢48.不属于典型心绞痛发作特点的是·················································（E）A.有明显诱发因素B.疼痛位于胸骨体上、中段之后C.疼痛呈压榨，紧缩感D.疼痛一般持续3~5分钟E.舌