执护消化练习题

消化系统疾病练习题一、A1选择题：1.幽门梗阻所致的呕吐常发生在··························································（A）A.进食后不久B.进食后数小时C.体位改变时D.临睡前E.活动后2.评估上消化道出血病人病情的严重性，最为关键的是····························（D）A.原发病本身B.呕血的颜色C.出血量的多少D.出血的速度E.呕血的同时是否有黑便3.提示消化道出血已停止的征象是······················································（E）A.呕出的血液呈暗红色B.上腹部疼痛减轻C.大便黑色、稀烂D.网织红细胞计数升高E.血尿素氮趋正常4.肝细胞性黄疸病人伴随症状常有······················································（A）A.恶心、呕吐B.发热、寒颤C.酱油色尿D.白陶土样便E.脂肪性腹泻5.对阻塞性黄疸皮肤瘙痒者，不恰当的皮肤护理为·····························（A）A.保持清洁，经常用肥皂水冲洗B.睡前经常行温水浴C.局部可用卢甘石洗剂止痒D.剪短指甲，避免搔破皮肤E.向病人解释，分散其注意力6.不符合慢性胃体炎的表现是····························································（E）A.血清中抗壁细胞抗体阳性B.抗内内子抗体阳性C.贫血D.胃酸减少E.血清胃泌素降低7.不符合慢性胃窦炎的表现是·····························································（A）A.血清抗壁细胞抗体阳性B.可有呕血与黑便C.嗳气、反酸D.胃清胃泌素降低E.上腹部饱胀不适或疼痛8.对慢性胃炎和消化性溃疡来说，不良的饮食习惯是·······························（E）A.定时进餐B.少量多餐C.多吃馒头和稀饭D.充分咀嚼E.多食高纤维素食物，防便秘9.诊断慢性胃炎最可靠的方法是··························································（B）A.病史和临床表现B.纤维胃镜检查C.胃液分析D.胃肠钡餐检查E.血清抗体测定10.由幽门螺杆菌引起的慢性胃炎可用抗菌药物治疗，其正确用法是···········（C）A.剂量宜大B.宜长期使用C.静脉给药为好D.联合用药E.药物种类不受限制11.慢性胃炎病人的饮食护理，不适宜的是············································（E）A.宜少量多餐B.胃酸低者可喝鸡汤和肉汤C.忌暴饮暴食D.宜定时定量进食E.为帮助消化，餐后宜从事体力劳动12.对慢性胃炎病人的健康教育，最重要的是··········································（B）A.注意劳逸结合B.强调有规律的饮食C.不吃辛辣食物D.少饮酒E.经常复诊13.消化性溃疡具有特征性的主要表现是·············································（E）A.反酸、嗳气B.恶心、呕吐C.营养失调D.消化功能紊乱E.反复发作的节律性上腹部疼痛14.符合十二指肠溃疡病人疼痛的特点是·············································（D）A.时食后即发生疼痛B.进食后半小时发生疼痛C.没有夜间痛D.进食后2~3h发生疼痛E.疼痛位于剑突下正中或偏左15.消化性溃疡病人在何种条件下疼痛的节律会改变或消失·······················（E）A.受凉时B.焦虑时C.疲劳时D.饮酒时E.出现并发症时16.胃溃疡病人出现那种现象，应警惕癌变可能·······································（E）A.上腹部疼痛反复发作B.疼痛有节律性C.厌食D.体重减轻E.大便隐血试验持续阳性17.消化性溃疡病人粪便隐血试验阳性提示·············································（A）A.溃疡有活动性B.溃疡穿孔C.有幽门梗阻D.溃疡恶变E.伴有慢性胃炎18.适量摄取牛奶能中和胃酸，宜安排溃疡病人在····································（C）A.餐前饮用B.餐后饮用C.两餐之间饮用D.临睡前饮用E.随时饮用19.溃疡病病人宜选择营养丰富、易消化的食物，其目的是·······················（B）A.满足病人的口味B.增加胃粘膜的抵抗力C.增加体重D.中和胃酸E.增进睡眠20.发生幽门梗阻的病人不宜用····························································（C）A.胃蛋白酶合剂B.多潘立酮C.阿托品D.甲硝唑E.氢氧化铝凝胶21.服用氢氧化铝凝胶的胃溃疡病人，应特别注意观察其··························（D）A.上腹部疼痛是否缓解B.反酸、嗳气是否减轻C.消化道出血是否停止D.排便情况E.腹胀是否加重22.十二指肠溃疡病的治疗方案中占主要地位的是·································（B）A.改善饮食习惯B.制止胃酸分泌C.生活应有规律D.避免情绪应激E.抗幽门螺杆菌感染23.在下列治疗溃疡病的药物中，本身可导致粪便呈黑色的是····················（A）A.胶体次枸橼酸铋B.氢氧化铝凝胶C.雷尼替丁D.多潘立酮E.普鲁本辛24.消化性溃疡并发大量出血时，应做好以下护理，除外··························（E）A.安置病人平卧B.建立静脉通路C.严密观察脉搏、血压D.严密观察出血情况E.立即作好手术准备25.纤维胃镜检查做过粘膜活检的病人，进流质的时间为··························（C）A.2h后B.3h后C.4h后D.5h后E.6h后26.纤维胃镜检查病人的术前准备不包括················································（D）A.检查前一天时无渣饮食B.术前禁食8hC.检查前一天不吸烟D.检查前一晚常规服用地西泮E.消除病人紧张心理27.肝硬化所致门脉高压的表现有·························································（D）A.上腹饱胀B.颈静脉充盈怒张C.大隐静脉曲张D.腹水E.蜘蛛痣28.评估肝硬化病人，当出现下列那种现象，说明已进入肝功能失代偿期（E）A.食欲不振B.消化不良C.恶心、呕吐D.脾脏轻度肿大E.移动性浊音（+）29.肝硬化失代偿期病人最突出的表现是················································（A）A.腹水B.鼻衄和牙龈出血C.蜘蛛痣和肝掌D.腹壁静脉丝曲张E.电解质紊乱30.肝硬化最严重的并发症是·······························································（D）A.上消化道大出血B.肝性脑病C.处肆性腹膜炎D.原发性肝癌E.肝肾综合征31.肝硬化病人不宜大量放腹水，主要是因为导致····································（B）A.大量蛋白质丢失B.肝性脑病C.电解质紊乱D.脱水E.上消化道出血32.大量腹水病人最宜采取那种体位······················································（B）A.平卧位B.半卧位C.坐位D.侧卧位E.高枕卧位33.肝硬化大量腹水病人的护理，下列那项不妥·······································（C）A.一般食盐不超过2克/日B.有显著低钠血症时，进水量应限制在500毫升/日内C.应用利尿剂时均应补钾D.定期测量腹围和体重E.注意水肿部位皮肤清洁和按摩34.肝硬化腹水病人，每日进水量宜限制在·············································（D）A.300mlB.500mlC.800mlD.1000mlE.1500ml35.大量腹水病人腹腔穿刺放液时应注意················································（E）A.取平卧位B.鼓励患者大量饮水C.给病人快速补液D.观察尿量是否减少E.束紧多头腹带以防腹压骤降36.对肝硬化病人施行健康教育，不恰当的是········································（D）A.说明防治肝炎的重要性B.尽量避免应用对肝脏有害的药物C.嘱病人合理安排休息，保证充足睡眠D.多用保肝药物E.缓解期定期复诊37.使用双气囊三腔管时，正确的护理措施应是······································（E）A.先向食道气囊注气，再向胃气囊注气B.食道气囊和胃气囊各注气约300mlC.置管期间每隔12h应放气一次D.出血停止后即可拔管E.拔管后24h内仍有出血可能需严密观察38.下列疾病中需绝对禁食的情况是······················································（B）A.十二指肠溃疡出现黑便B.急性水肿型胰腺炎C.慢性胃炎恶心、呕吐明显D.肝性脑病昏迷前期E.胃溃疡大便陷血试验持续阳性39.原发性肝癌病人最重要的症状是······················································（D）A.营养不良B.血性腹水C.发热D.肝区持续性疼痛E.黄疸40.原发性肝癌病人一般不会出现的表现是·············································（E）A.黄疸B.腹水C.消化道出血D.脾肿大E.肝脏大小正常、质地软41.对早期肝癌诊断有价值的化验检查是················································（C）A.ALTB.ASTC.AFPD.AKPE.r-GT42.减轻肝癌病人疼痛的护理措施不包括················································（D）A.保持舒适体位B.转移病人注意力C.尊重病人，减轻其心理压力D.放宽镇静剂的使用E.预防其他感染引起的疼痛43.对患了肝癌恐惧的病人，不恰当的护理是··········································（C）A.转移病人的注意力B.安排舒适的生活环境C.使用足够剂量的镇静剂D.鼓励病人自我控制E.预防因其他感染而加重疼痛44.急性胰腺炎病人禁食期间，不正确的护理是·····································（A）A.鼓励病人大量饮水B.静脉滴注足量生理盐水和葡萄糖液C.做好口腔护理D.安慰病人E.协助病人的生活45.肝性脑病病人出现的精神神经症状早期常表现为·································（B）A.嗜睡B.性格及行为异常C.意识模糊D.睡眠习惯改变，昼睡夜醒E.抽搐和朴翼样震颤46.肝性脑病昏迷前期最突出的表现是···················································（D）A.睡眠习惯心改变B.定向力障碍C.记忆力下降D.扑翼样震颤E.脑电图异常47.引起肝性脑病