热带太平洋和印度洋海面高度季节循环和年际变化的数值模拟

28420047ChineseJournalofAtmosphericSciencesVol.28No.4July20042003-04-09,2003-11-17*ZKCX2-SW-210,40231004、40221503G200078502**:***1)1)1)2)1)(,100029)2)(,210044),,FGCM0,。,,。(ITF),,,。:;;1006-9895(2004)04-0493-17P732A1,,[1,2]。,,。,,。,,。,,。,、,,,ENSO。,。,,,FGCM0,。,。,,。,VillwockLatif[3]TourreWhite[4,5](SST)、,ENSO。,,ENSO,[6～8]。,,Walker,。,。,[9],2080ENSO,,。,[10,11],。,[12],。FGCM0,,,,,。22.1[13]“”(FlexibleCoupledOcean-AtmosphereGeneralCirculationModel),FGCM0。NCARCSM-1(theNCARClimateSystemModel,VersionOne)[14],(fluxcoupler),CSM-1L30T63[15],,,。FGCM0,,,ENSO[13,16]。FGCM0L30T6330,63,1.875º×1.875º。L30T63“GM90”[17],Rich-ardson[18]。[19]L30T631160,,。,49428,[20]。,FGCM060,,[16,21,22]。1025,,。,SSH,FGCM0Z0。,(ITF),,25,Z1。2.210,AVISO/Altimetry(Archiving,ValidationandInterpretationofSatellitesO-ceanographicdata)MSLA(MapsofSeaLevelAnomalyAltimeterDataProd-ucts)[23],TOPEX/PoseidonERS-1/2,0.25º×0.25º。199210222000114,(40ºS～30ºN,30ºE～75ºW),1º×1º。,。,TOPEX/POSEIDON,1992,1336km,66,10d,2cm。ERS-1ERS-2,19911995,,TOPEX/POSEIDON,TOPEX/POSEIDON。33.1,31518。,x(n)ZX(z)y(n)ZY(z):Y(z)=H(z)X(z)。Butterworth[24],:H(iω)=11+ωω()c2ヘn,,ω、ωc、n。3.2(CEOF)(EOF),Rcc×E=E×ΛEA=E'×X。,5944:;(),,()。。(CEOF)Hilbert。,C(z)=X(z)+iY(z)Hil-bert,π/2,。,,Em,k=Bm,keiΘm,kAk(n)=Dk(n)eiψk(n),,Bm,k,Θm,k,Bm,k×cos(Θm,k),,。,,,cm(n)=ΣHk=1Em,k×Ak(n)。()。[25]。4EOF,3～15EOF。,,1,。1,1。,,;,。Z0,,,,。,。,,1,Z1。,。210ºS。2,10ºS,SSH。,10ºN()。34,694281CEOF2ºS～2ºN:;:Z0;:Z1。,,,,Z0Z1(3)。,,7944:2CEOF8ºS～10ºS:;:Z0;:Z1。,(1);,,。Davey[26]894283CEOF2ºS～2ºN:;:Z0;:Z115300～400m,,152。,。,,9944:4CEOF8ºS～10ºS:;:Z0;:Z1FGCM0。Z0Z1,、、。,,。005285,SSH,,,CEOF。SSH60.8%,5,π/4。3～4(),ENSO。,SSH:130ºE,10ºN10ºS,(70ºW,10ºS)。,,5º～10º,,。,,,Kelvin,Rossby。,CEOF,,“(DelayedOscillator)”[27,28],ElNi~no,,,Kelvin,,,,,ElNi~no;ElNi~no,5～10ºN5～10ºSRosbby,Kelvin,ElNi~no。,,,,。,,,,,[6,7,8]。,,Z0ENSO(6),,5～10ºN,“(DelayedOscillator)”。,ENSO。,10ºS～10ºN,,,,。,FGCM0“(DoubleITCZ)”,,,[29]。1054:5TOPEXCEOF(a)0º;(b)45º;(c)90º;(d)135º;(e)180º205286(Z0)CEOF(a)0º;(b)45º;(c)90º;(d)135º;(e)180º3054:,。,ENSO,,ENSO2～7。,5～10ºN,,。5～10ºN,61,,ENSO。,ENSO,ENSO,,(IDM)。Z150.5%,Z0(7)。,,,Z1,。,EOF,ENSO,Z1,,2～3。,EOF(8),,ENSO。,,,,,[10],ENSO。,。61993～2000,,,:,FGCM01,。,FGCM0ENSO,ENSO“”,,,ENSO。,,,ENSO。,FGCM0,、,。Z0Z1,,405287(Z1)CEOF(a)0º;(b)45º;(c)90º;(d)135º;(e)180º5054:8CEOF2ºS～2ºN:;:Z0;:Z1,,,,;,60528,,。,,。,。,ENSO;,,,,。,,、,。:,、,,。,。1Gates,W.L.,A.Henderson-Selleres,G.J.Boeretal.,ClimateModels-Evaluation,In:Climatechange1995,TheScienceofClimateChange,ContributionofWorkingGroup1toSecondAssessmentReportoftheIn-tergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,EditedbyL.T.Houghton,L.G.Callander,N.Harrisetal.,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UnitedKingdomandNewYork,NY,USA,1996,572pp.2Covey,C.,S.Joussaume,V.Kattsovetal.,ModelEvaluation,In:ClimateChange2001,TheScienceofCli-mateChange,ContributionofWorkingGroup1toThirdAssessmentReportoftheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange,EditedbyL.T.Houghton,Y.Ding,D.J.Griggs,etal.,CambridgeUniversityPress,Cambridge,UnitedKingdomandNewYork,NY,USA,2001,881pp.3Villwock,A.,andM.Latif,IndianOceanresponsetoENSO,InternationalConf.onMonsoonVariabilityandPrediction,Vol.II,WCRP-84,Geneva,Switzerland,530～537.4Tourre,Y.M.,andW.B.White,1995,ENSOsignalsinglobalupper-oceantemperature,J.Phys.Ocean-ogr.,1994,25,1317～1332.5Tourre,Y.M.,andW.B.White,EvolutionoftheENSOsignalovertheIndo-Pacificdomain,J.Phys.Oceanogr.,1997,27,683～696.6Webster,P.J.,A.Moore,J.Loschniggetal.,Coupledocean-atmospheredynamicsintheIndianOcean,Na-ture,1999,401,356～360.7Saji,N.N.,B.N.Goswami,P.N.Vinayachandranetal.,AdipolemodeinthetropicalIndianOcean,Na-ture,1999,401,360～363.8、,,,2001,25(4),433～443.9、,ENSOI.,,1998,22(4),470～480.10Schneider,N.,andT.P.Barnet,IndonesianThroughflowinaCGCM,J.Climate,1997,11,676～689.11Wajsowicz,R.C.,andE.K.Schneider,TheIndonesianThroughflow'seffectonglobalclimate,J.Climate,2001,14,3029～3042.12Masumoto,Y.,andT.Yamagata,SeasonalvariationsoftheIndonesianthroughflowinageneraloceancircula-tionmodel,J.Geophys.Res.,1996,101,12287～12293.13YuYongqiang,YuRucong,ZhangXuehognetal.,Aflexiblecoupledocean-atmospheregeneralcirculationmod-el,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2002,19(1),169～190.7054:14Boville,B.A.,andJ.W.Hurrell,AComparisonoftheatmosphericcirculationssimulatedbytheCCM3andCSM1,J.Climate,1998,11,1327～1341.15JinXiangze,ZhangXuehong,andZhouTianjun,Fundamentalframeworkandexperimentsofthethirdgenera-tionofIAP/LASGworldoceangeneralcirculationmodel,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,1999,16(2),197～215.16、、,I.,,2003,27,949～970.17Gent,P.R.,andJ.C.McWilliams,Isopycnalmixinginoceancirculationmodels,J.Phys.Oceanogr.,1990,20,150～155.18Philander,S.G.H.,D.Gu,D.Halpernetal.,WhytheITCZismostlynorthoftheequator,J.Climate,1996,9,2958～2972.19、、,I.,,2003,27,607～617.20、A.Izard、,IAP/LASG,,2001,25(6),721～739.21DaiFushan,YuRucong,ZhangXuehongetal.,Theimpactoflow-levelcloudovertheeasternsubtropicalPacif-iconthe“DoubleITCZ”inLASGFGCM0,Adv.Atmos.Sci.,2003,20(3),461～474.22、、,,,2003,61,39～51。23Chelton,D.B.,J.C.Ries,B.J.Hainesetal.,Satellitealtimetry.,SatelliteAltimetryandEarthSciences:AhandbookofTechniquesandApplications,L.-L.FuandA.Cazenave,Eds.,AcademicPress,2001,