开发生态旅游大致存在的问题

目录中文摘要····················································································································I英文摘要···················································································································II1生态旅游与生态旅游者·····························································································31．1生态旅游·······································································································31．2生态旅游者····································································································42理论基础················································································································52．1可持续发展理论······························································································52．2生态伦理学理论······························································································52．3利益主体理论·································································································63生态旅游开发的必要性·····························································································63．1有利于促进地方经济的发展···············································································63．2有利于协调保护区与周边地区发展的矛盾·····························································73．3有利于加强生态环境保护工作············································································73．4有利于普及生态伦理，促进人与自然和谐发展·······················································74大山包自然保护区生态旅游开发的外部条件··································································74．1良好的旅游发展趋势························································································74．2生态旅游成为当今旅游业的新时尚······································································84．3国家在西部加大基础设施的建设力度···································································84．4第三次思想大讨论——科学发展观的提出····························································85大山包自然保护区开发旅游的内部条件········································································85．1大山包自然保护区概况·····················································································85．2大山包自然保护区旅游发展现状·········································································95．3大山包自然保护区旅游资源分析······································································105．4旅游市场分析与定位······················································································116大山包自然保护区生态旅游开发构想·········································································116．1基础设施建设·······························································································116．2四个旅游片区·······························································································126．3旅游线路组织·······························································································137生态旅游开发的生态保障措施··················································································147．1生态补偿机制的思路与途径·············································································147．2管理机构和管理体制······················································································167．3制度与机制保障····························································································16参考文献··················································································································17后记······························································································错误!未定义书签。I开发生态旅游的框架构想和保障措施[摘要]在介绍生态旅游与生态旅游者的基础上，以可持续发展理论、生态伦理学理论和利益主体理论为理论基础，分析了昭通大山包自然保护区开发生态旅游的必要性和内外部条件，最后提出开发生态旅游的框架构想和生态保障措施。[关键词]生态旅游；生态理论；开发条件；保障措施Thedevelopmentofeco-tourismofDashanbaoIINatureReserveinZhaotongAbstract:Inintroducingeco-tourismandeco-tourists,onthebasisoftheoryofsustainabledevelopment,ethicstoecologicaltheoryandthetheoryofStakeholde.ThenanalysisingthenecessityandinternalandexternalConditionsforeco-tourismdevelopmentofDashanbaonaturereserveinZhaotong,thefinalproposedistheframeworkforthedevelopmentofeco-tourismandecologicalprotectionmeasures.Keywords:eco-tourism;ecologicaltheory;conditionsofdevelopment;securitymeasures3生态旅游倡导的人与自然和谐，成为当今国际旅游业的新时尚，代表了21世纪旅游业的方向和潮流。其观念思想和理论体系对整个旅游业的开发规划、行业管理、市场策划，以至旅游者的旅游审美观念都产生了深刻的变革。生态旅游被公认为是一种利于保护生态环境的旅游形式，而自然保护区作为保护生态环境而建立的“环境特区”，其在生态系统中具有十分重要的作用。昭通大山包自然保护区是云南省入选世界教科文组织保护湿地名录的四大湿地之一，其主要保护对象为黑颈鹤及其越冬栖息地亚高山沼泽化草甸高原湿地生态环境，是一个拥有特色生态旅游资源的自然保护区，但由于缺乏人力、物力等的投入，大山包自然保护区的旅游发展至今仍处于萌芽阶段。为实现保护区内的旅游业在产生社会、经济利益的同时也保护该地的生态环境，即实现生态环境的“双赢”。本文对云南昭通大山包自然保护区生态旅游的开发设计进行研究讨论。1生态旅游与生态旅游者1．1生态旅游一般来说，自然旅游和建立在可持续基础上的旅游被视为生态旅游。生态旅游这一术语于1987年自HectorCebaallos-Lascurain首次给出生态旅游的完整定义以来，生态旅游的概念一直是国内外学术界争论较多的一个问题，生态旅游如何定义至今虽没有完全统一，但却有一个核心思想，即生态旅游是强调维护人地和谐统一的一种旅游方式。就所收集的资料来看，目前在以下几个方面已达成共识：①旅游目的地主要为受人类干扰破坏小、较为原始古朴的地区，特别是生态环境有重要意义的自然保护区；②旅游者、当地居民、旅游经营管理者的环境意识强；③旅游对环境的负面影响小；④旅游能为环境保护提供资金；⑤当地居民能参与旅游开发与管理并分享其经济利益，因而为环境保护提供支持；⑥生态旅游能为旅游者和当地社区等起到环境教育作用；⑦生态旅游是一种新型的、可持续的旅游活动。综上所述，生态旅游的概念可以这样归纳：生态旅游是一种在生态学和可持续发展理论指导下，以自然区域或某些特定的文化区域为对象，以享受大自然和了解、研究自然景观、野生生物及相关文化特征为旅游目的，以不改变生态系统的有效循环及保护自然和人文生态资源与环境为宗旨，并使当地居民和旅游企业4在经济上收益为基本原则的特殊形式的旅游行为。1它包括3重含义：①提供旅游者高质量