一种大气污染物干沉积速率的计算方法及其应用

262Vol.26No.220034JournalofNanjingInstituteofMeteorologyApr.2003:1000-2022(2003)02-0210-09:2002-02-26;:2002-12-01:;(G1999011805):(1979-),,,.欧阳琰1,2,　王体健1,　张　艳1,　胡正义2,　徐成凯2(1.,210093;2.,210008):介绍了一种计算大气污染物干沉积速率的方法。这种方法详细地考虑了植物生理特征和冠层内湍流结构对干沉积的影响,考虑了3层覆盖物对表面阻抗的影响,通过计算7个不同的阻抗因子获得干沉积速率。利用该方法计算了农田下垫面上7种不同大气污染物沉积的表面阻抗和江西(鹰潭)红壤典型地区农田下垫面上的二氧化硫(SO2)和硫酸盐(SO42-)的干沉积速率,估算了大气硫输入农田生态系统的干沉积通量,并与其他方法作了定量比较。结果表明:农田下垫面上SO2与SO42-的干沉积速率平均值分别为0.31cm/s,0.20cm/s;干沉积速率具有明显的日变化特征,一般白天大于夜间,中午时分出现最大值;月际变化也较明显,在冬季有大值;大气硫输入农田生态系统的全年干沉积通量为7.35g/m2。:干沉积;干沉积速率;干沉积通量;阻抗模式:S143:A,,,,,,[1-3],,(Ra)(Rb),(Rc),,Rc,,,,11.1[1],RaRb,Walmsley[2]RcVd=1Ra+Rb+Rc(1)Vd=1Ra+Rb+Vg(2)Rc,Rc,RcWalmsley[2]Rc,3,,Rc7,Rc[2]Rc=11rs+rm+1rlu+1rdc+rcl1rac+rgs(3)rmrsrlu;rdcrcl;racrgs1.2(1)rs,,rsrs=ri[1+(200G+0.1)2]400Ts(40-Ts)(4),G(W/m2),Ts(),rsX=rsDH2ODX(5),DH2O,DXX7DXDH2O[2]11DH2O/DXTable1DH2O/DXofthemainairpollutantsSO2O3NONH3NO2HNO3H2O2DH2O/DX1.91.61.31.01.61.91.4(2)rm2112:rmX=1H*3000+100f0(6)H*,f0(SO2)(O3),f00,(3)rlurluX=rlu110-5H*+f0(7)(7),,f0,H*H*,f0(4)rdc,rdcrdc=100(1+1000G+10)1+1000H(8)H(5)rcl,rclX=1H*105rclS+f0rclO(9)rclSrclOSO2O3rcl6)rac,,rac(7)rgs,rgsX=1H*105rgsS+f0rgsO(10)rgsSrgsOSO2O3rgs,(),,,,rs,,,rsrsX=3rsDH2ODX(11)rlu,,,SO2,O3,21226rlurluS=100sõm-1,(12)rluO=113000+13rlu(13),SO2,O3,rlurluS=115000+13rlu,(14)rluO=113000+13rlu(15)rluS=50sõm-1(16),rluX=113rlu+107H*+f0rluO(17),rluX,rluO3,SO42-0.1210Lm,1.3F(Z)F(Z)=Vd1(Z)C1(Z)+Vd2(Z)C2(Z)(18)C1C2SO2SO42-S;Vd1Vd2SO2SO42-2199811199910,()2.1(Rc),7SO2O3NONO2H2O2NH3HNO311,racrmrirclrgsrlu,(2)rsG()Ts(),rdcGH(),11()2132:2Table2Surfaceresistanceofairpollutantsonunderlyingsurfaceoffarmlandsm-1SO2O3NO2NH3HNO3()H2O2NO(35)rs9999999999999999999999999999rm0.030.010.10.153E-119.8E-30.1rac50505050505050rgs15015015007501.5E-7751500rcl40001000999999994E-680010000rdc5400540054005400540054005400rlu190004000999999994E-620009999rlu21353092080004801E-796.88000rlu22100240080004801E-796.88000(68)rs9999999999999999999999999999rm0.030.010.10.153E-119.8E-30.1rac200200200200200200200rgs15015015007501.5E-7751500rcl20001000999999992E-66679999rdc5025502550255025502550255025rlu120002000999999991E-710009999rlu21143086046154621E-793.84615rlu22100200046154621E-793.84615(911015)rs9999999999999999999999999999rm0.030.010.10.153E-119.8E-30.1rac150150150150150150150rgs200150150010002E-7861500rcl90001000999999999E-69009999rdc5666566656665666566656665666rlu190009000999999999E-645009999rlu21422096099994911E-798.59999rlu22100270099994911E-798.59999(10161130)rs9999999999999999999999999999rm0.030.010.10.153E-119.8E-30.1rac10101010101010rgs15015015007501.5E-77501500rcl99991000999999991E-59099999rdc6261626162616261626162616261rlu199999999999999991E-550009999rlu21422079099994921E-798.79999rlu22100273099994921E-798.79999214262SO2O3NO2NH3HNO3()H2O2NO(122)rs9999999999999999999999999999rm0.030.010.10.153E-119.8E-30.1rac10101010101010rgs100350099995001E-75009999rcl99991000999999991E-59099999rdc6339633963396339633963396339rlu199999999999999991E-550009999rlu21429097099994921E-798.79999rlu22100273099994921E-798.714285:1.rlu1rlu21rlu22rlurlurlu;2.9999.2.2,SO2SO42-1SO2SO42-1SO2SO42-Fig.1MonthlyvariationofSO2andSO42-drydepositionvelocitiesonfarmland1,SO2,,,,,,,SO42-,,,,SO20.31cm/s,SO42-0.20cm/s,[1]2SO2SO42-,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,SO214,SO42-10,2152:2SO2SO42-Fig.2DailyvariationofSO2andSO42-drydepositionvelocitiesonfarmland1012SO2SO42-2.3(18),,33SO2SO42-SFig.3MonthlyvariationofSO2andSO42-drydepositionfluxonfarmlandSO42-SO2,SO2,SO2,90.9%7.35g/m2,23%25%,5,1%,SO2,,,SO22.4RcVd[7],Rc,VdSO2(3)3,,SO2[7],Vd,,,Rc,,Vd,,216263SO2Table3SO2drydepositionvelocitiesonfarmlandcalculatedbytwomethodscm/s(-)[1]1998-110.3390.5451998-120.4170.4291999-010.3590.3661999-020.3450.3521999-030.3000.4361999-040.2950.4471999-050.3000.4571999-060.2500.3181999-070.2490.3131999-080.2480.3721999-090.2750.1611999-100.3150.3880.3080.3823:7,,,,7,,,,,,,,SO2SO42-,S:SO20.31cm/s,SO42-0.20cm/sSO2SO42-,SO42-,1a,7.35g/m3,SO290.9%,:[1],.[J].,1994,30(4):745-751.[2]WalmsleyJL,WeselyML.Modificationofcodedparameterizationsofsurfaceresistancestogaseousdrydeposition[J].AtmosphericEnvironment,1996,30(7):1181-1188.[3]WeselyML.Parameterizationofsurfaceresistancetogaseousdrydepositioninregional-scalenumericalmodels[J].AtmosphericEnvironment,1989,23(6):1293-1304.[4]WalcekCJ.SO2,sulfateandHNO3depositionvelocitiescomputedusingregionallanduseandmeteorologicaldata[J].AtmosphericEnvironment,1986,20(5):949-964.[5]WeselyML.Measurementsandparameterizationofparticulatesulfurdrydepositionovergrass[J].JGeophysRes,1985,90:2131-2143.[6]BaldocchiDD,HicksBB,CamaraPA.Canopystomatalresistancemodelforgaseousdepositiontovegetatedsulfaces[J].AtmosphericEnvironment,1987,21(36):311-330.[7],,,.[J].,2001,12(6):923-926.2172:AMethodCalculatingDryDepositionVelocityofAirPollutantsandItsApplicationOUYANGYan1,2,WANGTi-jian1,ZHANGYan1,HUZheng-yi2,XUCheng-kai2(1.DepartmentofAtmosphericSciences,NanjingUniversity,Nanjing210093,China;2.LaboratoryofMaterialCyclinginPedosphere,InstituteofSoilScience,ChineseAcademyofScience,Nanjing210008,China)Abstract:Thisarticleintrod