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姓名:班级:学号:工程热力学传热学总分题号一二三四五得分AlltheanswersbewrittenontheanswersheetThermodynamics一.PROBLEMS(30pointsfortotal)1Considerawellinsulatedrigidtankthatisdividedintotwocompartmentsbyapartition.Initially,onesideholdsair,whiletheothersideisevacuated.ThepartitionIsnowremoved,andtheairfillstheentiretank.Analysis:(1)thechangeofinternalenergyoftheair;(2)Istheworkdonebyair?(6points)2Writetheapplicableconditionsoftheexpressions.(8points).(1))(12TTcuV;(2)21pdvw;(3)uw;(4)])(1[111121kkgppTRkw3Describethechangeofinternalenergyofidealgasduringaprocessfromaninitialstate1toafinalstate2inT-sdiagram.(4points)4Asystemundergoesaprocessbetweentwofixedstatesfirstinareversiblemannerandtheninanirreversiblemanner.Forwhichcaseistheentropychangegreater?Why?(4points)5AccordingtotheT-sfigureofanidealreheatranklecycle(再热循环),describethethermalprocessesinvolvedinthecycle.Writetheexpressionofthermalefficiency.(8points)二.CALCULATION(30pointsfortotal)1ConsiderawellinsulatedhorizontalrigidcylinderthatisdividedintotwocompartmentsbyapistonthatisfreetomovebutdoesnotalloweithergasT41235671’2‘0s再热循环T–s图T41235671’2‘0s再热循环T–s图toleakintotheotherside.Initially,onesideholds0.5kgoftheidealgasat30ºC,and0.4MPa,whiletheothersideholds0.5kgofthesameidealgasat30ºC,and0.12MPa.Nowthermalequilibriumisestablishedinthecylinderasaresultofheattransferthroughthepiston.i.FindexpressionsfortheequilibriumtemperatureTandpressurePreachedafterremovalofthepartition.ii.CalculatetheentropychangesforAandBandthetotalentropychangeofthecylinder.AssumethatCv,misconstant,Rg=0.287kJ/(kg.K),andthattheprocessisadiabatic.(15points)2Aninventorclaimstohavedevisedaheatpumpwhichexchangesheatwithreservoirsat393Kand300K,theworkisprovidedbyaheatenginewhichexchangesheatwithtwoconstanttemperaturereservoirsat1200Kand300K.TheheatengineabsorbsheatQH=1100kJ,producesworkWnet=742.5kJDetermine:(1)Cantheheatenginework?reversibleorirreversible?(2)IftheheatpumprejectsheatQ1=2400kJ,cantheheatpumpwork?reversibleorirreversible?(3)ThemaximumamountofheatthatheatpumpproducesQ1,max.(15points)HeatTransfer三.PROBLEMS(24pointsfortotal)1Describetheexpressions(1)Heatconductiondifferentialequation;(2)Fin(肋)efficiency;(3)Thesurfaceresistancetoradiation(表面辐射热阻);(4)Thespaceresistancetoradiation(空间辐射热阻).(6points)2Thenondimensionalizedequationofforcedturbulentflowinthetubeis4.08.0PrRe023.0fffNu.WritethedefinitionsandmeaningsofNu,Re,Pr.(6points)3Describethecharacteristicsofthevelocityandthermalboundarylayer.(6points)TH=1200K热机TL=300KT1=393K热泵TL=300KQH=1100kJWnet=742.5kJ=WPQLQ2Q1TH=1200K热机TL=300KT1=393K热泵TL=300KQH=1100kJWnet=742.5kJ=WPQLQ2Q14Thefigureshowsaidealgraydiffusesurface.Trytowritetheradiationenergyinvolvedwiththesurface.Writetheexpressionsofradiosity(有效辐射)andnetradiationheattransfer(净辐射热流)ofthesurface.(6points)四.CALCULATION(16pointsfortotal)ASteampipewithanoutsideradiusof4cmiscoveredwithalayerofasbestos(石棉)insulation[λ=0.15W/(m.℃)]1cmthick,whichisinturncoveredwithfiberglass(玻璃纤维)insulation[λ=0.05W/(m.℃)]3cmthick.Theoutsidesurfaceofthesteampipeisatatemperatureof330℃,andtheoutsidesurfaceofthefiberglassinsulationisat30℃.Determine(1)theheattransferratepermeterlengthofthepipeand;(2)theinterfacetemperaturebetweentheasbestosandthefiberglassinsulation.中国石油大学(北京)2006-2007学年度第一学期储运2004《工程热力学与传热学》期末试卷——B卷(闭卷)工程热力学部分五.判断对错(每题1分,共计5分)1气体膨胀时一定对外作功;()2道尔顿定律只适用于理想气体,定律指出混合气体的总压力等于各组元分压力之和;()3工质被加热熵一定增大,工质放热熵一定减小;()4当m公斤的河水与G公斤的沸水具有相同的热力学能时,它们的可用能一定相同;()5水蒸气的定温膨胀过程满足Q=W。()六.问答题(共计18分)6将满足以下要求的理想气体多变过程表示在同一个p-v图和T-s图上(1)理想气体的定温,定压,定容和定熵过程;(2)工质又膨胀,又升温,又吸热的多变过程。(5分)7某热机工作在T1=2000K的高温热源和T2=300K的低温热源之T41235671’2‘0s再热循环T–s图T41235671’2‘0s再热循环T–s图有效辐射法有效辐射法间,问能否实现作功1200kJ,向低温热源放热800kJ?(4分)8解释湿空气的露点温度,说明将未饱和湿空气转变为饱和湿空气的方法。(4分)9如图为蒸汽一次再热循环的T-s图,指出各相应过程的特点,并写出热效率的计算公式。(5分)七.计算题(共计30分)1如图有一汽缸和活塞组成的系统,汽缸壁和活塞均由绝热材料制成,活塞可在汽缸中无摩擦地自由移动。初始时活塞位于汽缸中间,A,B两部分理想气体的质量均为1kg,两边的压力、温度都相同,并有PA1=PB1=0.2MPa,tA1=tB1=20℃。现通过A腔气体内的一个加热线圈,对A腔气体缓慢加热,则活塞向右缓慢移动,直至PA2=PB2=0.4MPa时。试计算:(1)A,B腔内气体的终态容积,终态温度各是多少?(2)过程中供给A腔气体的热量是多少?(3)A,B腔内气体的熵变及整个气体组成的系统熵变是多少?设气体的比热容为定值,cp=1.01kJ/(kg.K),cV=0.72kJ/(kg.K)(15分)2将1kmol理想气体在400K下从0.1MPa缓慢地定温压缩到1.0MPa,试计算下列三种情况下此过程气体的熵变,热源的熵变和总熵变。(1)过程无摩擦,热源温度为400K;(2)过程无摩擦,热源温度为300K;(3)过程有摩擦,比可逆压缩多消耗20%的功,热源温度为300K。(15分)传热学部分四.回答问题(共计21分)5一个具体导热问题的完整数学描述应包括哪些方面?写出直角坐标系,有内热源,常物性,非稳态三维导热的微分方程。(4分)6写出平直绝热边界节点温度的有限差分计算式。(2分)7流体强迫对流换热特征数关联式包括哪些准则,写出各准则的表达形式及物理意义。(6分)8以流体外掠平板时流动边界层为例,分析说明边界层内热量交换的特点。(5分)9如图,两表面组成一封闭系统,试确定角系数2,21,22,11,1,,XXXX的值。已知两表面面积A1,A2。(4分)ABQABQji,ji,11,ji1,jixywns绝热ji,ji,11,ji1,jixywns绝热A1A2A1A2五.计算题(共计26分)5用热电偶测量气罐中气体的温度。热电偶近似为球形,直径为0.2mm。热电偶的初始温度为20℃,与气体表面的传热系数为10W/(m2.K)。试计算插入气体中10s后,(1)热电偶的过余温度为初始过余温度的百分之几?(2)要使热电偶过余温度不大于初始过余温度的1%,至少需要多长时间?已知热电偶焊丝的λ=67W/(m.K),ρ=7310kg/m3,c=228J/(kg.K)。(12分)6两块平行放置的平板表面发射率均为0.6,其板间距远小于板的宽度和高度,且两表面温度分别为t1=427℃,t2=27℃。试计算:(1)板1的自身辐射;(2)板1的投入辐射;(3)板1的反射辐射;(4)板1的有效辐射;(5)板1,2间的净辐射换热量。(14分)中国石油大学(北京)2006-2007学年度第一学期储运2004《工程热力学与传热学》期末试卷——B卷答案工程热力学部分一.判断对错(每题1分,共计5分)1X;2√;3X;4X;5X。二.问答题(共计18分)1(5分)2(4分)p0vTsvp工质膨胀,升温,吸热过程p0vTTssvvpp工质膨胀,升温,吸热过程T0s.pTsv工质膨胀,升温,吸热过程T0s.ppTTssv
本文标题:工程热力学与传热学试题021
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