定语从句(高一用)

1定语和定语从句定语一、概念：在句子中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。Eg:⑴Thisisagoodbook.⑵HehasthreeEnglishstory-books.⑶Ihavesomethingimportanttotellyou.⑷ThebasketfullofapplesbelongstoLiuMei.二、英语中，能充当定语的词和词组有：形容词，数词，代词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，现在分词，过去分词，动名词。1、形容词作定语：形容词作定语是形容词的最基本的语法功能之一，一般放在它找所修饰的名词前。如：anexpensivecar；acomfortableroom但在下列情况下形容词定语后置：（1）形容词修饰不定代词时，如：somethingimportant,nothingnew但something前有this,that等词时，形容词定语照样前置。如：thisimportantsomething(2)nearby修饰名词时，可前可后。Helivesinanearbyschool=Helivesinaschoolnearby.(3)成对形容词或形容词短语作定时后置。Weneedaboytallandstrong.Heisnowayoungmanoldenoughtomakehisowndecision.Iwantapersonasdiligentasyou.Thereisonlywatertoodirtytodrink.(4)表语形容词只能作后置定语。Peoplealivemustfinishtheworkofthosedead.常见的表语形容词有:alive,alone,afraid,awake,等。（5）present作前置定语和后置定语意义不同。2、数词作定语（1）基数词从数量上修饰名词。Weneedfourexperiencedteachers.Hewasthefirstteachertocometoschoolthismorning.3、代词作定语（1）人称代词中的形容词性物主代词及名词的’s所有格。Hiswishistobeanastronaut.Tom’sbrotherisasoldier.(2)指示代词this,that,these,those.Thesebooksareallinteresting.(3)疑问代词如：Whatlanguagewillyouchoosetolearn?Whosebagisthis?(4)关系代词及连接代词Tellmethenameofthegirlwhoseparentsyoutalkedtojustnow.Youmaywriteaboutwhatevertopicyoulike.4、副词作定语只有时间和地点副词可作后置定语。Peopleherelikepotatoesverymuch.Lifethenwasveryhard.5、名词作定语：名词作定语时，必须注意以下几点：（1）名词作定语只从作用或类别上修饰另一个名词。anappletree；ameetingroom(2)名词作定语一般用单数，但man,woman例外。aboystudent→twoboystudentsanappletree→twoappletrees但：amanteacher→somementeachersawomannurse→tenwomennursesEx:YesterdayIwenttoa______shop.2A.shoeB.shoesC.shoe’sD.shoes’另：aparentsmeeting,asportsmeeting6、介词短语作定语介词短语只能作后置定语。thebikeunderthetree；thepicturesonthewall,thetrainbetweenBeijingandGuangzhou7、不定式作定语（1）不定式（短语）只能作后置定语。Ihavenothingtofear.（2）不定式（短语）作定语时与所修饰的名词存在如下几种关系：主谓关系：Heisthefirstteachertousecomputerinourschool.动状关系：It’stimetogohome.同位关系：Weshouldhavetherighttovote.动宾关系：Ihaveameetingtoattendthisevening.(3)不定式（短语）作定语与所修饰的名词有动宾关系时，要注意检验，并准确判断不定式用主动还是用被动.试检验：Ihavenothingtobeafraid.Ihavenothingtofear.8、现在分词、过去分词作定语（待学）9、动名词作定语（待学）定语从句试译：“我们需要一位能把这项工作干得非常出色的人。”这个句子的定语已无法用前面提到的各种词与词组来表达，其定语须要一个句子来充当，这样就出现了定语从句。看下每组句子Thebookisveryinteresting.…①Iboughtit(thebook)yesterday….②再译：我昨天买的书很有趣。ThebookwhichIboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.一、概念：在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。Therulerisanewone…..①Heisusingit(theruler)…②译：他在用的直尺是把新直尺。Therulerwhichheisusingisanewone.二、定从的位置：一般紧跟它所修饰的名词。三、先行词：定从所修饰的词叫先行词。四、关系代词：定从中，代替先行词的词。关系代词的两个作用：引导作用；在从句中充当一个成份。思考：先行词有可能是人、物、时间、地点、原因、方式等，各种情况该怎么处理？1、先行词是人时;Iwantaperson.…①Hecandothejobwell….②我想要一个能把这个工作做好的人。______________________________________________________________________Theboyismybrother….①Youtalkedabouttheboyjustnow….②你刚才谈论的那个男孩是我弟弟。_________________________________________________________________________3Thegirlisfromapoorfamily….①Yousawhisparentsjustnow….②刚才你见到了她父母的那个女孩来自一个贫穷的家庭。_______________________________________________________________________总结一、①当先行词是人时，关系代词在从句中作主语用who,作宾语用whom,作定语用whose.。②在现代英语中，尤其是口语中，可用who代替whom。③指人时，关系代词也可用that,（主、宾时）④关系代词作宾语时也可省略。练习：用who,whom,whose,that填空①、Iwanttohaveatalkwiththeboy____camelatethismorning.②、Theyoungman_______yousenttohospitalyesterdayisareporter.③、Thegirl_______handwritingisthebestinourclassisfromBeijing.2、先行词是物时Iwantahouse….①Ithasabeautifulgarden….②我想要一栋带有一个美丽花园的房子。__________________________________________________________________I’vefinishedthebook.Iborroweditfromthelibrarythedaybeforeyesterday.我已看完了我前天从图书馆借的那本书。_________________________________________________________________Thebookismine.Its(Thebook’s)coverislost.封面掉了的那本书是我的。_______________________________________________________________总结二、当先行词是物时，关系代词可用that,which,作定语时，用whose。练习：用适当的关系代词填空：①Thefan________youareusingismadeoffeather.②Wewantsomechairs_____aremadeofstone.③.Wehadarestunderatree____topiswellabovethetopofothers.3、先行词是时间时Istillrememberthedays.Wespentthedaystogetherinthecountryside..我还记得我们一起在乡下度过的日子。___________________________________________________________________I’llneverforgetthedays.Weworkedtogetherinasmallfactorythosedays.我永远忘不了我们一起在一家小工厂上班的日子。__________________________________________________________________总结三、当先行词是时间时，关系词若在从句中作主、宾等，用that或which,若作时间状语，则用关系副词when.。练习：用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：①Istillkeepinmindthehours_____wespenttogetherhappilyattheseaside.4②Doyoustillrememberthemonthsandyears______yourfamilyandmyfamilylivedtogether.4、先行词是地点时Thisisthefactory.Wevisitedthefactory(it)lastweek.这就是我们上周参观的那家工厂。___________________________________________________________________________Thisistheschool.Myfatherworkshere.这就是我父亲上班的学校。________________________________________________________________________Iwanttoseethehouse.Itsroofismadeofthatch.我想去看看那座用茅草盖的屋。________________________________________________________________________总结四、当先行词是地点时，关系词若在从句中作主、宾等，用that或which,若作地点状语，则用关系副词where。练习：用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空：①Doyoustillremembertheschool________westudied10yearsago?②Ourcityisone______graduallydevelopedfromasmallvillage.③Ourfactorywasdevelopedfromasmallworkshop____wallsweremadeofstone.5、先行词是原因时Thereasonwasnottrue.Hegaveittotheteacher.他给老师讲得原因不真实。_____________________________________________________________________