外研版九上英语定语从句讲解及习题

初中英语定语从句讲解一、专题精讲知识点1：定语从句的基础知识1.定语的概念：定语是用来修饰、限定、说明名词或代词的品质与特征的词。可以作定语的成分有：形容词、名词、代词、数词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）、分词、从句或相当于形容词的词、短语或句子。定语和中心语之间是修饰和被修饰、限制和被限制的关系。在汉语中，“的”是定语的标志。e.g.:1.Sheisabeautifulgirl.(形容词作定语)2.Itisaschoolbus.(名词作定语)3.HernameisLily./David’scarisbroken.(代词或者名词所有格作定语)4.Therearetwoboysintheclassroom.(数词作定语)5.Thewomanthereneedshelp./Peoplenowhavetheirfestivaldinnersatrestaurants.(副词作定语)6.Themaninthekitchenismyfather.(介词短语作定语)7.Thereisnothingtodotoday.(动词不定式作定语)8.Thesmilingboyneedsapenboughtbyhisfather(分词作定语)9.Therearefiveboyswhowillplaythegame.(从句作定语)例1：翻译下列短语，并画出这些短语中定语的位置。1.anavalpilot___________________2.twohugeobjects______________3.therocksonthemoon____________4.thegirlinred_______________5.thevillagefaraway_____________6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks_____________7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon______________________________1.anavalpilot2.twohugeobjects3.therocksonthemoon4.thegirlinred5.thevillagefaraway6.alibrarywithlotsofbooks7.thefirstmanthatwalkedonthemoon总结：用单词充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之前，做前置定语。用短语充当定语修饰名词时，位于名词之后，做后置定语。2.定语从句的定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。定语从句的作用相当于形容词，用来修饰主句中的某一名词或代词，所以也称作形容词性从句。e.g.:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.(修饰名词theman)Anyonewhobreaksthelawshallbepublished.(修饰代词anyone)3.先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词，定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后。e.g.:Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(thepeople为先行词，被横线部分及定语从句部分修饰)4.关系词：在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词两种。关系代词有that,which,who,whom,whose；例2：判断下列复合句是否含有定语从句，如果有，在括号内打“√”并在句中把定语从句画出来。1.Armstrongbecamethefirsthumanthatwalkedonthemoon.()2.TherearereportswhichsayArmstrongandAldrinsawalienspacecraftwhentheywereonthemoon.()3.NeilArmstrongisthepersonwhomadepeoplearoundtheworldrealizethatspaceexplorationwastrulypossible.()4.ThemostimportantawardthatArmstronggotforhisservicewastheMedalofFreedom.()5.Manypeoplebelievethatalienswerewatchingtheastronautswhentheylanded.()知识点2：关系词的作用及分类1.关系词的作用：A.引导定语从句；B.代替先行词；C.在定语从句中担当一个成分。e.g.:Themanwhoisshakinghandswithmyfatherisapoliceman.该句中，whoisshakinghandswithmyfather是定语从句，修饰先行词theman，“who”是引导定语从句的关系词，代替先行词theman，在定语从句中作主语。2.关系词的分类：引导定语从句的词分为关系代词和关系副词I.引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who,whom,whose,which,that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。1.who指人，在从句中做主语或宾语，且做宾语时，常可省略；e.g.:TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.（做主语）Doyouknowthegirlwhoisstandingunderthetree?（做主语）Thegirl(who)youtalktojustnowismyfriend.（做宾语）2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略，一般也可用who替代。但在介词后面只能用whom。e.g.:Mr.Liuistheperson(whom)youtalkedabout.Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.Twomen,neitherofwhomIhadeverseenbefore,cameintomyoffice.（在介词后面不用who）3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。e.g.:Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.(做主语)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.(做宾语)4.that既可指人也可指物。指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，做宾语时常省略。e.g.:Thepeoplethat/whocometovisitthecityareallhere.(做主语，指代人)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?(做宾语，指代人)Thepicturethatisonthewallcostmuch.(做主语，指代物DidyouseethecomputerthatIboughtyesterday?(做宾语，指代物)5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语，后面要紧跟被修饰的名词。e.g.:Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.Ilivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.=Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.Doyoulikethebookwhosecolorisyellow?=Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?(批注：此部分选讲)检测题（一）：单项选择()1.----ThevolunteersaredoingagreatjobinYushu.----Yes.Theyarehelpingthepeople___aresufferingfromtheearthquake.(2010扬州)A.whichB.whatC./D.who()2.Theywanttodevelopakindadog-friendlyfood____willhelpdogownerscooldowntheirpets.(2010常州)A.whoB.whatC.whichD.whether()3.Thegirl_____wonthegoldmedalcomesfromBeijingSunshineSecondarySchool.(2010镇江)A.whoB.whichC.whatD.whom()4.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou________areoftenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.(2011扬州)A.whatB.whoC.thatD./()5.—Whoisyourfavouritewriter?—MoYan.HeisthefirstChineseperson_________winstheNobelPrizeforLiterature.A.whichB.whereC.thatD.whom()6.—IlikethephotoItookonthebeachyesterday.Whatdoyouthinkofit?—Well,reallynice!A.whereB.whenC.whichD.who()7.Wealllikethestoryabouttheteacherhappenedinourschoollastweek.A.whatB.whoC.whomD.that答案：DCACCCD知识点3：关系代词的选用一般情况下，that既可以指人又可指物，可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中做主语，表语和谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后做介词的宾语；which指物，在从句中做主语、表语或谓语动词及介词后的宾语；who在从句中做主语、表语或宾语，whom在从句中做宾语，whose在句子中作定语。注意：whom为who的宾格形式。具体用法如下：1)that&which在下列情况下，定语从句中一般只用which引导：(1)先行词为that,those时,用which,而不用that.Eg：What’sthatwhichisunderthedesk?在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?(2)关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.Eg：Thisistheroominwhichhelives.这是他居住的房间。(3)引导非限制性定语从句,用which,而不用that.Eg：Tomcameback,whichmadeushappy.汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。在下列情况下，定语从句中一般只用that引导：(1)当先行词为everything,anything,nothing,all,none,few,little等词时，或当先行词被every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等词修饰时：e.g.:Everythingthattheysaidwastrue.Heisdeadandthere'snothingthatcanbedone.Therewaslittlethatwecoulddotohelpher.Thesewallsareallthatremainoftheancientcity.(2)当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.:Thefirstplace(that)theyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.Shewasprobablythehardestworkingstudent(that)Ihaveevertaught.(3)当先行词被thevery,theonly修饰时。e.g.:Thisistheverygrammarbook(that)Iwanttobuy.Beauty