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1学案3动词不定式制作人马宇20113.2—3.3(not)tohavebeendone(not)tohavedone完成时无(not)tobedoing进行时(not)tobedone(not)todo一般时被动语态主动语态语态时态Thetenseandvoiceoftheinfinitive不定式运用口诀不定式运用口诀本领最多不定式,本领最多不定式,主、表、宾、补、定和状。主、表、宾、补、定和状。样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢。样样成分都能干,只有谓语它不敢。大家千万要当心,大家千万要当心,有时它把句型改有时它把句型改,,作主宾时用作主宾时用““itit””,,自己在后把身藏。自己在后把身藏。七个感官三使役,七个感官三使役,宾补要把宾补要把toto甩开甩开;;疑问词后接上它,疑问词后接上它,宾语从句可充当宾语从句可充当;;逻辑主语不定式,逻辑主语不定式,不定式前不定式前forsb.forsb.;;toto前前notnot是否定是否定,,各种用法区别开。各种用法区别开。动词不定式在句中可充当主语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。2一、作主语动词不定式作主语可位于句首。例如:Tolearnaskillisveryimportantforeveryoneinsociety.也可使用it作形式主语,而将其置于句末。例如:Itisnecessaryforyoungstudentstolearnaforeignlanguage.动词不定式作主语的常用句型有:1.Itis+adj./n.(+forsb./sth.)+todosth.用于此句型的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,possible,important,impossible,necessary,good,bad,exciting,interesting,surprising等。例如:Itisinterestingtoplaythisgame.Itisnecessaryforyoutochangeyourjob.Itwasimpossibleforthemtocompletethetaskinsuchashorttime.考例1:Is____possibletoflytothemooninaspaceship?(88MET)A.nowB.manC.thatD.it用于此句型的名词有:pity,shame,pleasure,one’sduty,one’sjob,fun,joy,goodmanners,badmanners等。例如:Whatapityitisforyoutohavemissedsuchawonderfulfilm.Itisgoodmannersfortheyoungtogivetheirseatstotheold.2.Itis+adj.+ofsb.+todosth.该句型中只能使用描述某人的品德、特征的形容词,如:kind,nice,wise,silly,polite,impolite,friendly,foolish,clever等。例如:Howrudeitwasoftheboytojumpthequeue!Itisfriendlyofthefamilytotrytomakemefeelathomeintheirhouse.Howsillyitwasofyoutogiveupsuchagoodchance!3.Ittakessb.+sometime+todosth.该句型意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。例如:Ittookushalfanhourtoridetothetownbybike.二、作表语3动词不定式作表语常用于以下结构:Mywish/job/aim/goalis…及Thenextstep/measureis…等。例如:Yourjobistotypethepapersintheoffice.Thenextmeasureistostoptheriverfrombeingpolluted.三、作宾语常见的只能使用动词不定式作宾语的动词有:agree,choose,decide,hope,fail,wish,refuse,expect,manage,plan,intend,pretend,promise,offer,afford,demand,arrange等。例如:Theydecidedtobuildahighwaybetweenthesetwocities.SheofferedtohelpmewhenIwasintrouble.believe,think,consider,feel,make等动词可用于“动词+it+adj./n+todosth.”句型,其中使用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语动词不定式置于句末。例如:Ithinkitnecessaryforustohaveagoodrestafterthelongwork.Shefeltitherdutytohelptheoldwoman.四、作宾补可后接动词不定式作宾补的动词有:advise,allow,ask,hear,order,see,tell,want,wish,watch等。例如:Thedoctoradvisedhernotoeattoomuchsugar.Iwishyoutogotothemeetingwithme.believe,consider,count,declare,deny,feel,find,guess,imagine,judge,know,prove,realize,suppose,think等动词后可接tobe型不定式作宾补。例如:Hedeclaredhimselftobeacollegestudent.他自称是名大学生。Thepoliceprovedhimtobeathief.警察局证实他是小偷。hope,demand,suggest等动词不能后接动词不定式作宾补。例如:【误】Ihopemysontobebacksoon.【正】Ihopemysonwillbebacksoon.【误】Shesuggestsustohaveadiscussionaboutit.【正】Sheadvisesustohaveadiscussionaboutit.【正】Shesuggeststhatwe(should)haveadiscussionaboutit.4在主动结构中,下列动词后作宾补的动词不定式应省略to:“五看”(see,watch,notice,observe,lookat)“三使”(make,let,have)“两听”(hear,listento)“一感觉”(feel)。例如:Whomadehimworkallnightlong?但是,改为被动结构后,应补出省略的to。例如:Hewasseentobreakthewindow.不定式用在介词but,except,besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.(1).Shecoulddonothingbutcry.(2).Ihavenochoicebuttogo.(3).Whatdoyouliketodobesidessleep.五、作定语动词不定式作定语,应位于所修饰词语之后,即:作后置定语。例如:Haveyougotanythingtoeat?(toeat修饰anything,位于其后)下列名词后常接动词不定式作定语:ability,attempt,chance,courage,decision,effort,failure,promise,way,wish等。例如:Butshegaveupthechancetogoabroad.由only,first,last,next以及序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后,也常接不定式作定语。例如:Whowasthelastonetoleavetheclassroomlastnight?1.不定式做定语与所修饰的词之间有三种关系:(1)动宾关系Ihavealotofworktodo.我有很多工作要做。(2)主谓关系Heisalwaysthefirsttocome.他总是第一个来。(3)同位关系Weallhaveachancetogotocollege.我们都有上大学的机会。2.作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词,或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点工具等,不定式后面须有相应的介词。Heislookingforaroomtolivein.他在找一个房间住。53.不定式所修饰的名词如果是time,place或way,不定式后面的介词习惯上要省去。Hehadnomoneyandnoplacetolive.他没钱没地方住。4.something,anything,nothing,everything等复合不定代词常用不定式做后置定语。Haveyouanythingtosend?你有什么东西要寄吗(不定式tosend的动作执行者是you)Haveyouanythingtobesent?你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?(不定式tobesent的动作执行着是已被省略的me或someoneelse)六、作状语动词不定式作状语,可表示目的、原因、结果或条件。例如:Wewenttheretoseeourgrandparents.(目的)Iamverysorrytohearthat.(原因)Shehurriedhomeonlytofindherfatherdead.(结果)Tolookatthepicture,youwouldlikeit.(条件)作目的状语,还可以使用inorderto或soasto。例如:Theboyworkedsohardinordertomakeupforthelosttime.结果状语还可以使用enoughto,too…to…,so…asto,such…asto等结构。例如:Hegotuptoolatetomisstheearlybus.Shewasinsuchahurryasnottonoticeme.她如此匆忙,以致没有注意到我。时态1)现在时:一般现在时表示的动词,有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生,有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。Heseemstoknowthis.Ihopetoseeyouagain.=IhopethatI'llseeyouagain.我希望再见到你。2)完成时:表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。I'msorrytohavegivenyousomuchtrouble.Heseemstohavecaughtacold.3)进行时:表示动作正在进行,与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。6Heseemstobeeatingsomething.4)完成进行时:Sheisknowntohavebeenwreakingontheproblemformanyyears.练习题1.Thepurposeofnewtechnologiesistomakelifeeasier________itmoredifficult.(MET99)A.notmakeB.nottomakeC.notmakingD.donotmake2.I’veworkedwithchildrenbefore,soIknowwhat______inmynewjob.(MET2000)A.ExpectedB.toexpectC.tobeexpectingD.expects3.Havingatripabroadiscertainlygoodfortheoldcouplesbutitremains______whethertheywillenjoyit.(MET2001)A.toseeB.tobeseenC.seeingD.seen4.CharlesBabbageisgenerallyconsidered_____thefirstcomputer.(MET1993)A.toinventB.inventingC.tohaveinvente
本文标题:学案3动词不定式
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